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Comparative study of the effectiveness and pharmacokinetics of two rectal artesunate/oral mefloquine combination regimens for the treatment of uncomplicated childhood falciparum malaria
Authors:Sirivichayakul Chukiat  Sabchareon Arunee  Pengsaa Krisana  Thaiarporn Itthipon  Chaivisuth Anong  Na-Bangchang Kesara  Wisetsing Pataraporn  Chanthavanich Pornthep  Pojjaroen-Anant Chanathep
Affiliation:Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rachawithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. tmcsw@mahidol.ac.th
Abstract:BACKGROUND: Rectal artesunate has been shown to be an effective treatment for falciparum malaria and is useful in patients who cannot take medicine orally or when parenteral medication is inconvenient. A combination with mefloquine can decrease the duration of treatment, increase compliance and delay development of resistance. There are no clear data on whether a higher dosage of rectal artesunate results in a better clinical response. AIM: To assess two rectal artesunate/oral mefloquine regimens for treating uncomplicated multi-drug-resistant childhood falciparum malaria. METHODS: Seventy children aged 1-14 years with uncomplicated falciparum malaria were randomly assigned to receive either 10 (range 8-12) or 20 (range 16-24) mg/kg/day rectal artesunate for 3 days followed by 25 mg/kg oral mefloquine. The study endpoints were fever clearance time, parasite clearance time and proportion of patients with recrudescence. Serum levels of artesunate and dihydro-artemisinin were measured after the first dose of rectal artesunate in 16 subjects. RESULTS: Both regimens were safe and effective. The cure rate was 100% in the 53 patients who completed 28-day follow-up. All of the study endpoints were comparable between both treatment groups. CONCLUSION: A regimen of rectal artesunate 10 mg/kg/day for 3 days followed by mefloquine 25 mg/kg is optimal for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. There was no definite benefit from increasing the dosage of rectal artesunate from 10 to 20 mg/kg/day.
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