深圳市高血压患病及主要危险因素变化趋势分析

目的通过分析1997-2009年深圳市成年居民高血压患病情况及主要危险因素时间变化趋势,为制定高血压的防控策略提供科学依据。方法以深圳市1997年和2009年两次慢性病及其相关危险因素流行病学调查为基础,分析危险因素改变对高血压患病的影响,并对危险因素归因危险度的时间趋势进行分析。结果 1997-2009年,深圳市成年居民高血压标化患病率由13.23%上升至15.33%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.96,P<0.01),相对于1997年,人群45~50岁、60~70岁年龄段患病明显升高。超重和肥胖、血脂异常、高血压家族史、糖尿病、饮酒和吸烟的暴露率分别由30.66%、21.64%、16.84%、4.20%、7.72%和15.42%上升到38.05%、41.12%、36.30%、5.20%、21.40%和16.47%。超重和肥胖、血脂异常、糖尿病、饮酒和吸烟为深圳市居民高血压患病增高的主要危险因素,高血压患病率升高归因于行为危险因素的比例呈上升趋势。结论高血压危险因素效应随时间的变化有升高趋势,血脂异常、超重和肥胖、糖尿病、饮酒和吸烟为高血压升高持续稳定的危险因素。

Analysis of Epidemiological Tendency and Risk Factors for Hypertension in Shenzhen

Objective To explore the changes in the major risk factors and prevalence of hypertension with time in Shenzhen from 1997 to 2009.Methods The data from two cross-sectional surveys of chronic diseases in 1997 and 2009 were used.The differences and changes in the major risk factors for hypertension were analyzed.Results The aged-adjusted prevalence of hypertension elevated from 13.23% to 15.33% from 1997 to 2009(χ2=3.96,P<0.01).Compared with that in 1997,the prevalence rates of groups aged 45-50 yrs and 60-70 yrs were significantly higher in 2009.Compared two surveys,the exposed rates of overweight and obesity,dyslipidemia,family history of hypertension,diabetes,alcohol drink and smoke were respectively up to 38.05%,41.12%,36.30%,5.20%,21.40% and 16.47% in 2009 from 30.66%,21.64%,16.84%,4.20%,7.72% and 15.42% in 1997.Overweight and obesity,dyslipidemia,diabetes,alcohol drink and smoke were the major risk factors for hyptertension among residents of Shenzhen,the effects proportion of behavior risk factors on prevalence rate showed to be a uptrend.Conclusion The risk factors for hypertension have a marked trend of increase with time.Overweight and obesity,dyslipidemia,alcohol drink,smoke and diabetes are the continuously stable risk factors for elevated hypertension.