2008—2012年随州市动物咬伤者流行病学及免疫效果评价

目的了解动物咬伤者流行病特征学及免疫效果,探讨综合防治策略。方法动物咬伤者为2008—2012年在随州市疾病预防控制中心门诊收治的10 238例患者,全程狂太疫苗注射后15~30天抽取静脉血3 ml测其抗体,对阴性者加强注射1~4针后再测抗体。结果 2008—2012年动物咬伤呈逐年上升趋势;从10岁逐渐上升,至40岁年龄组后逐渐下降,40岁年龄组最多,占17.56%;以青壮年居多。男性占54.52%,女性占45.48%。农村占66.97%,城市占17.97%。7、8、9月占总咬伤数的44.34%,高峰月为9月,占17.97%。动物种类以犬最多,猫次之;但鼠、兔、金丝熊、黄鼠狼、狗獾、猪时有伤人,全程免疫后狂犬病抗体阳转率达97.30%。结论该市动物咬伤呈逐年上升趋势。应对犬、猫及宠物进行预防接种和对民众进行健康教育,提高自我保护意识,有效预防人类狂犬病。

Investigation on epidemiological characteristics and evaluation on immune effect of people bitten by animals in Suizhou City from 2008-2012

[ Objective] To understand the epidemiological characteristics and immune effect of people bitten by animals, discuss the integrated preventive strategies. [ Methods ] 10 238 patients bitten by animals, who were treated in outpatient service of Suizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2008 to 2012, were collected. 3 ml venous blood samples were drawn within 15-30 days after full-course rabies vaccine （RV） injection, to detect the antibody. Additional 1-4 doses were conducted in patients whose antibody was negative, and then the antibody was tested again. [ Results ] The number of people bitten by animals was increasing year by year from 2008 to 2012. The cases number increased from 10 years old, and decreased after 40 years old, which the most case number was observed in 40 years old age group, accounting for 17.56%. A majority of patients were young adults. Male and female patients accounted for 54.52% and 45.48% respectively. 66.97% of patients came from rural areas, and 17.97% came from urban areas. The cases occurred in July, August and September accounted for 44.34% of total cases, and the peak was Sep- tember, accounting for 17.97 %. Most of patients were bitten by dogs, followed by cats. Meanwhile, the cases caused by rat, rab- bit, hamsters, weasel, badger and pig were reported occasionally. The positive conversion rate of rabies antibody reached 97.30% after a full course of immunization. [ Conclusion ] The incidence rate of animal bites shows a rising trend in Suizhou City. It is nec- essary to carry out the vaccination in animals （dogs, cats and other pets）, implement the health education to improve self-protec- tion awareness, so as to effectively prevent human rabies.