建筑工人在高温高空环境下作业机体内分泌代谢的变化

目的观察高温高空作业对建筑工人机体生理代谢的影响，以提高劳动者高温高空作业能力，预防事故发生。检测暴露在30℃以上作业人员血清中激素含量的代谢变化。方法以文职工作人员为对照组（30人），高温、高空作业人员为高温高空组（37人）；体温检测采用口温表法，出汗量采用体重差法，促甲状腺素（TSH）、甲状腺素（T4）和三碘甲腺原氨酸（33）与肾素（PRA）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（ATⅡ）和醛固酮（ALD）含量测定采用放射免疫法；采用SPSS10．0软件进行统计分析，组间差异用t检验。结果30～35℃下作业，高温高空组体温[（37．04±0．65）℃]，明显高于对照组[（36．02±0．21）℃]；高温高空组4h出汗量[（389．80±126．13）g／h]，明显高于对照组[（97．46±43．02）g／h]，高温高空组TSH含量[（4．91±0．36）tzU／m1]、T4含量[（89．60±3．64）ng／m1]和B含量[（1．14±0．06）ng／m1]也均明显高于对照组的TSH含量[（2．90±0．15）μU／ml]、T4含量[（6．71±2．93）ng／ml]和T3含量[（1．07±0．03）ng／m1]；高温高空组PRA含量[（12．38±0．38）ng／ml·h]、ATⅡ含量[（687．00士36．37）ng／m1]和ALD含量[（1615．50±50．70）pg／m1]也明显高于对照组的PRA含量[（2．89±0．04）ng／ml·h]、ATⅡ含量[（78．07±5．92）ng／m1]和ALD含量[（131．40±13．00）pg／ml]，2组相比，差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）。结论高温高空作业对机体的生理和神经内分泌功能产生了应激响应变化，应及时调整作业时问，补充营养，避免由于机体生理不适而引发安全性事故。

Changes in metabolism of endocrine system among build labourers in high temperature and high altitude environment

[ Objective] To observe the influence of high temperature and high altitude operation on the physiological metabolism of build labourers, improve the labourers＇operation capacity in high temperature and high altitude environment, and prevent the acci- dents. Meanwhile, the serum hormone contents in employees who were exposed to the operating environment of temperature above 30 ℃ were detected. [ Methods ] The control group included 30 civilian employees, while the observation group included 37 em- ployees who worked in high temperature and high altitude environment. The body temperature was determined by the oral thermome- ter, and the perspiration volume was determined by the weight difference method. The contents of thyroid stimulating hormone （ TSH ）, thyroxine （ T4 ）, triiodothyronine （ T3 ）, renin （ PRA }, angiotensin 11 （ AT II ） and aldosterone （ ALD ） were determined by the radioimmunoassay kit. The statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS 10.0 software, and the difference between groups was analyzed by t test. [ Results] In the environment of temperature between 30 ℃ and 35 ℃, the body temperature of the observation group[ （ 37.04 ± 0.65） ℃ ] was significantly higher than that of the control group [ （ 36.02 ± 0.21 ） ℃ ], and the perspiration vol- ume in 4 hours of the observation group [ （ 389. 80 ± 126. 13 ） g/h ] was significantly higher than that of the control group [ 197.46±43.02 ） g/h ]. The contents of TSH, T4 and T3 in the observation group [（4. 91 ± 0. 36 ） μU/ml, [89.60 ± 3.64） ng/ml and （1.14 ± 0.06） ng/ml] were significantly higher than those in the control group [（2.90 ± 0. 15） μU/ml, （6.71 ± 2.93） ng/ml and （1.07 ± 0.03} ng/ml ]. The contents of PRA, AT I1 and ALD in the observation group [ （ 12.38 ± 0.38 ） ng/ml · h, （ 687.00 ± 36.37 ） ng/ml and （ 1 615.50 ± 50.70）pg/ml] were significantly higher than those in the control group [ （ 2.89 ± 0.04 ） ng/ml · h, （ 78.07 ± 5.92 ） ng/ml and （ 131.40 ± 13.00） pg/ml ]. All differences were statistical- ly significant （P 〈 0. 001）. [ Conclusion] The high temperature and high altitude operation may cause a series of stress response changes in the physiological and neuroendocrine function. It is necessary to appropriately adjust the operation time and ensure nutri- tion supplies, to avoid the work accidents induced by physical discomfort.