2011年铜陵市区中小学生生长发育和营养状况分析

目的了解铜陵市区中小学生生长发育和营养现状，为制定学校卫生保健工作的方针政策提供科学依据。方法以38482名铜陵市区中小学生为调查对象，采用身高体重百分位数评价表和身高标准体重法对2011年中小学生健康检查数据资料进行分析。结果从铜陵市中小学生身高和体重发育曲线图上看，男女生身高在lO和17岁时出现2次交叉，体重在15和17岁时出现2次交叉，身高突增峰值的年龄男生为11岁，女生为10岁。2011年铜陵市区中小学生营养不良率、超重率、肥胖率分别为19．4％、11．1％和12．2％。营养不良率高中生高于小学生和初中生，女生高于男生，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；超重率和肥胖率初中生高于小学生和高中生，男生高于女生，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论铜陵市区中小学生生长发育符合一般规律，营养不良和营养过剩同时存在，以营养过剩问题较为突出，应进一步采取有效措施以改善营养，控制肥胖的发生率。防治营养不良重点应放在高中阶段，尤其是女生；防治肥胖重点应放在初中阶段，尤其是男生。

Analysis on growing development and nutritional status among primary and middle school students in Tongling urban area in 2011

Objective ] To understand the growing development and nutritional status among primary and middle school students in Tongling urban area, provide scientific evidence for making the policies of school health care. Methods ] 38482 primary and middle school students in Tongling urban area were collected, and their health examination data in 2011 were analyzed by the height and weight percentile evaluation form and the weight standard stature method. Results] In the height and weight curves of primary and middle school students in Tongling City, there appeared twice cross of height between boys and girls at the ages of 10 and 17 years old, and twice cross of weight at the ages of 15and 17 years old. The sharpest increase in height of boys was at the age of 11 years old, while that of girls was at the age of 10 years old. The prevalence rate of malnutrition, overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students in Tongling urban area was 19.4%, 11.1% and 12.2%, respectively. The prevalence rate of malnutri- tion in senior high school students was higher than that in primary and junior high school students, while that in girls was higher than that in boys, and the differences were statistically significant （ P 〈 0.05 }. The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in junior high school students was higher than those in primary and senior high school students, while those in girls was lower than those in boys, and the differences were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05}. Conclusion] The growing development among primary and middle school students in Tongling urban area is in accordance with the general law. The malnutrition and overnutritiou exist at the same time, but the overnutrition is more serious. It is necessary to carry out effective measures, to improve the nutritional status and control the incidence rate of obesity. The malnutrition prevention measures should be applied in the junior high school, espe- cially female students. However, the obesity prevention should focus on the senior high school, especially male students.