承德市职业病危害重点行业的职业卫生管理现状

目的了解承德市所辖职业病危害企业重点行业分布及其职业卫生管理现状，为制定有效的职业病危害预防控制措施提供依据。方法对2012年该市所有接触职业病危害因素的企业采用调查表法、现场调查及查询安监部门备案材料等方法，确定7个重点行业（包括887个企业）为调查对象；对其职业卫生管理现状进行调查。结果60．7％的重点行业制定了必要的机制和制度。在职业卫生管理机制及制度建设方面以有色金属矿采选业开展最好（77．5％）；在职业卫生管理及人员设置方面以电力热力生产和供应业做得最好（89．7％）；只有28．8％企业开展了职业病危害预评价和控制效果评价。经对全部15项指标的百分率进行卡方检验分析，7个重点行业间差异显著。结论该市职业病危害重点行业开展职业卫生管理工作行业间存在显著差异，整体综合管理水平低、部分重点管理工作十分薄弱。政府及相关部门应调整思路，有针对性地对重点行业制定有效的管理机制，督促其提高其自身管理和制度建设，进一步加大执法监督力度，才能真正有效遏制职业病危害，减少职业病的发生。

Investigation on occupational health management in key industries for occupational hazards control in Chengtde City

Objective ] To understand the distribution and occupational health management status of key industries for occupational hazards control in Chengtde City, and provide evidence for developing effective control measures. Methods] Questionnaire, site survey and checking safety supervision departments for the record were adopted to investigate the enterprises with occupational hazards in Chengde City in 2012. Totally 7 industries, including 887 enterprises, were taken as study object. The management status of occupational health was investigated. Results ] The results showed 60.7% o key industries had established necessary mechanisms and systems. For the aspect of establishing management mechanism and system, non-ferrous metal industry was the best （77.5% ）. For the aspect of occupational health management and personnel settings, electricity and heat production and supply industry was the best（ 89.7% ）. Only 28.8% enterprises carried out pre-evaluation and control effect evaluation of occupational hazards. Through chi-square test on the percentage of all 15 indicators, significant differences were observed between 7 key industries. Conclusion] Occupational health management is carried out with significant differences between key industries of this city. The overall level of integrated management is low, with big gaps in some important parts of management. Government and relevant departments should adjust their thinking, develop effective management mechanism target at key industries, urge them to improve their own management and institution building, further intensify supervision over law enforcement, so as to effectively control occupational hazards and reduce the incidence of occupational diseases.