护士职业倦怠原因与调节

职业倦怠是指在以人为服务对象的职业领域中，个体的一种情感耗竭、人格解体和个人成就感降低的症状。由于护士是一种典型的以人为服务对象的职业，因此，护士是职业倦怠的高发人群，也一直是职业倦怠研究中重点关注的职业人群之一，医护人员发生职业倦怠机会高，尤其以护士更为突出，影响护士职业倦怠主要相关因素有年龄、护龄、婚姻、工作之余的家务劳动、学历、职称、劳动关系、收入、工作量、工作岗位和轮班等因素，由于护理模式向整体护理的转变，以患者为中心，护理角色职能发生质的改变，对护士提出了更高的要求，加重护士职业倦怠的发生。作者就护理职业倦怠的概念及内涵、危害、原因、职业倦怠现状及预防，同时指出干预医护人员职业倦怠的不同影响因素探索有效的方法。

Causes and adjustment of job burnout in nurses

Job burnout refers to individual presents a series of symptoms for emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment in the professional field which the service objects are people. Nurses are the high-risk population of job burnout since the nursing care faces the patients directly, and job burnout study has been focused on the nurses. The risk of job burnout among medical staff is relatively high, especially nurses. The main influencing factors of job burnout in nurses include age, length of service, marriage, housework during the spare time, educational level, professional title, labor relation, income, work- load, post and shift system. At present, the nursing mode has transformed to the overall nursing care with a patient-oriented con- cept, a qualitative changes have been happened in the nursing role functions, which put forward the higher request to the nurse, so the incidence rate of job burnout in nurses has increased gradually. The paper summarizes the concept, connotation, harm and reasons of job burnout in nurses, as well as the current status and prevention, meanwhile, explores the effective methods to intervene the influencing factors of job burnout in nurses.