北京市怀柔区职业健康状况调查

目的全面了解怀柔区存在职业病危害因素企业的基本情况和防治现状,探讨存在的问题并提出建议,推动怀柔区职业病防治工作的开展,保护劳动者的身体健康,为政府制定职业病防治政策提供依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,使用统一的调查表,分级、分批培训调查员,统一要求、方法和标准;于2011年8月—2012年12月对怀柔区存在职业病危害因素的企业进行现场调查,由疾病预防控制中心专业技术人员审核后录入职业健康状况信息管理系统,并撰写调查报告,对职业健康现状进行描述性分析。结果怀柔区存在职业病危害因素的企业共297家,主要分布在杨宋镇、北房镇、雁栖开发区、庙城镇、雁栖镇和怀柔镇6个镇乡及开发区,以金属制品业、印刷业和交通运输设备制造业为主,小型、私营企业所占比例最高。存在职业病危害因素59种,主要为粉尘、噪声、苯系物等。有生产工人22 597人,接触职业病危害工人8 051人,接触职业危害因素比例为22.9%;企业职业健康检查覆盖率：上岗前为24.6%,离岗时为7.1%,在岗期间为61.3%;企业职业病危害因素检测覆盖率为77.1%。5年内重点职业病发病17人,主要为尘肺和噪声聋,占职业病发病总数的76.5%。结论怀柔区职业健康监护率、职业病危害因素检测率、职业卫生管理达标率均有待提高,提示相关部门应加强对小型、私营企业的监管,加大宣传和培训力度,提高企业的自身法律意识和广大劳动者的自我防范意识。

Occupational health survey in Huairou District of Beijing City

Objective] To comprehensively understand the basic control situation of enterprises with occupational hazards in Huairou District, to discuss the existed problem, to make recommendations to promote the development of occupational diseases control, to protect workers health, and provide evidence for government to formulate occupational disease control policies. Methods ] The cross-sectional study was adopted to investigate the occupational hazards in Huirou District from August 2011-December 2012 with the unified questionnaire, requirements, methods and standards by investigators who were trained in batches. The data were put in- to Occupational Health Information Management System after checking by CDC professionals. And the investigation report was made to describe the occupational health status. Results] There were 297 enterprises with occupational hazards in Huairou District, mainly distributed in Yangsong Town, Beifang Town, Yanxi Zone, Miaocheng Town, Yanqi Town, Huairou Town and its 6 villages and development zone. The main industries with occupational hazards were metal product industry manufacturing, printing and transportation equipment manufacturing, the small and private enterprises occupied the highest proportion. There were 59 kinds of occupational hazards, the major were dust, noise, benzene and others. There were 22 597 workers, with 8 051 exposed to hazards and the proportion of 22.9%. The examination coverage rate was 24.6% before service, 7.1% after service and 61.3% during service. The coverage rate of occupational hazards detection was 77.1%. Seventeen workers were detected key occupational diseases in 5 years, 76.5% were pneumoconiosis and noise deaf. Conclusion] Occupational health surveillance rate, the detection rate of occupational hazards, compliance rates of occupational health management in Huairou District need to be improved. The relevant departments should strengthen the supervision on the small and private enterprises, strengthen the propaganda and training, and improve the