学龄前儿童饮食行为与超重/肥胖的相关性研究

目的 探讨学龄前儿童饮食行为与超重/肥胖间的关系,为学龄前儿童超重/肥胖防治措施的制订提供参考依据。方法 采用学龄前儿童饮食行为试用量表对387名3~6岁儿童的饮食行为进行调查,同时,测量儿童的身高、体重,并计算体质指数(body mass index,BMI);依据BMI将儿童分为正常体重、超重和肥胖组。运用单因素方差分析比较不同体重组间饮食行为的差异;采用阶层线性回归分析检验学龄前儿童饮食行为与BMI间的相关性。结果 单因素分析结果显示,不良进食习惯、外因性进食、挑食、情绪性进食、过饱响应和食物响应6个维度得分在不同体重组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),食物喜好和主动进食维度得分在不同体重组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。阶层回归分析显示,当排除性别、年龄、母亲文化程度影响后,量表6个维度得分与儿童BMI具有相关性(P<0.01)。反映食物趋向的各维度得分与BMI呈正相关(β:0.09~0.21),反映食物逃避各维度得分与BMI呈负相关(β:-0.47~-0.36)。 结论 学龄前儿童饮食行为与超重/肥胖密切相关,通过干预儿童饮食行为可降低学龄前儿童超重/肥胖的风险。

Study on associations between eating behaviors and overweight/obesity among preschoolers.

Objective To explore the associations between eating behavior and overweight/obesity,so as to provide some references for early intervention of overweight/obesity among preschoolers. Methods Eating behaviors of 387 children aged 3~6 years old were assessed by using Preschooler's Eating Behavior Scale (PEBS).Children's height and weight were measured,and BMI was calculated,and all the subjects were classified into normal weight,overweight and obesity groups according to the percentile reference of BMI for children and adolescent.One-way ANOVA was performed to investigate the differences in mean score of eating behavior between weight groups.Hierarchical Regression Analysis was used to examine the associations between eating behaviors and BMI-Z. Results Significant differences in the mean score of unhealthy eating habit,external eating,food fussiness,emotional eating,satiety responsiveness,food responsiveness were found between different weight groups (P<0.01).No significant differences were found in the dimensions of enjoyment of food or initiative eating between different weight groups.After controlling for gender,age and mother's educational levels,BMI z-scores were positively associated with the food tendency dimensions of the PEBS (β:0.09~0.21) and negatively associated with food escape dimensions (β:-0.47~-0.36). Conclusions Preschooler's eating behavior might be associated with overweight/obesity,and the risk of becoming overweight or obesity could be decreased through modified children's eating behaviors.