拔牙矫治对面部容貌的影响

目的:研究拔牙矫治对牙弓宽度及所带来的美学的影响。方法:选正畸临床非拔牙病例和拔除4颗第一双尖牙病例各64例,分别对其矫治前和矫治后模型下颌尖牙间和上颌尖牙间的牙弓宽度进行测量,测量点为尖牙牙根齿槽部之最突点,测量数据进行统计学分析。结果:矫治前两组病例的下颌及上颌牙弓宽度均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。矫治后,非拔牙组下颌宽度增加了0.68m(mP<0.05),上颌宽度增加了0.87m(mP<0.05);而拔牙组下颌宽度增加了2.49m(mP<0.001),上颌宽度增加了2.39mm(P<0.001)。矫治后,拔牙组比非拔牙组下颌宽度增加了1.51m(mP<0.001),上颌宽度增加了1.92m(mP<0.001)。结论:拔牙矫治比非拔牙矫治上下颌牙弓宽度不但未降低,反而有明显的增宽。拔牙矫治导致牙弓缩窄、从而影响美观的结论不成立。

The effect of orthodontic extraction treatment on facial aesthetics

Objective To investigate the effect of orthodontic tooth extraction on dental arch width and aesthetics. Methods 64 patients treated without extraction and 64 patients treated by 4 first-premolars extraction were selected. The study models of the patients were measured before and after the treatment and compared statistically. Measurements were made in the mandibular and maxillary canine regions from the most labial aspect of the buccal surfaces of the canine roots. Results Before treatment, mandibular and maxillary arch widths were the same between both groups (P>0.05). In nonextraction group, mandibular arch width of posttreatment was 0.68mm larger than that of pretreatment (P<0.05), maxillary arch width of posttreatment was 0.87mm large (P<0.05). In extraction group, mandibular arch width of posttreatment was 2.49mm larger than that of pretreatment (P<0.001), maxillary arch width of posttreatment was 2.39mm large(P<0.001). After treatment, the width of mandibular arch in the extraction group was 1.51mm larger than that in the nonextraction group (P<0.001), meanwhile the width of maxillary arch in the extraction group was 1.92mm larger (P<0.001). Conclusion Extraction treatment does not result in narrower dental arch than nonextraction treatment. The view that orthodontic extraction results in narrower arch widths and unesthetic smiling is untenable.