肾移植后原肾盂或输尿管肿瘤患者腹腔镜肾输尿管全长切除中下腹部入路的可行性

背景:肾移植后原肾肾盂或输尿管肿瘤,不仅一侧发生,常常对侧也先后或同时发生.目的:介绍用腹腔镜先行肾切除,再用电切镜行输尿管周围膀胱袖状切除,然后取下腹部正中切口取出肾并切除下段输尿管治疗原肾肾盂或输尿管肿瘤的一种新的手术方法,并验证其可行性.设计、时间及地点:技术改进实验,于2004-07/2006-03在北京大学第三医院泌尿外科完成.对象:选择用腹腔镜和电切镜联合治疗原肾盂或输尿管肿瘤患者8例,女7例,男1例.其中4例为双侧肾盂或输尿管肿瘤,故共行12例次肾输尿管全长切除和袖状膀胱切除手术.方法:取健侧卧位用腹腔镜先行肾切除,体位由侧卧位改为截石位用电切镜做输尿管周围膀胱袖状切除,然后取下腹部正中切口取出肾并切除下段输尿管.术后常规给予膀胱灌注抗肿瘤药物治疗防止肿瘤复发.术后3,6,12个月随访,此后每年1次.主要观察指标:手术时间、出血量、病理报告、术后复发时间、术后无瘤生存时间以及并发症.结果:手术时间2.5～7h,平均3.8 h;出血量50～1200mL,平均240mL:2例需要输血,分别输血600和1000mL,病理报告:1例为输尿管低分化腺癌;11例为移行细胞癌,1～2级4例,2级4例,3级3例,其中1例突破输尿管浆膜层.突破输尿管浆膜层的肿瘤患者术后6个月肿瘤局部复发,其余患者均无瘤生存.结论:针对肾移植后原肾盂或输尿管肿瘤,用腹腔镜和电切镜联合行肾输尿管全长切除及膀胱袖状切除后,取下腹部正中切口取出标本,肿瘤复发率较低,切除效果良好.

Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection through a lower midline abdomen incision for treatment of native renal pelvic or ureteral tumor in renal transplant recipients A feasibility investigation

BACKGROUND: Following renal transplantation, native renal pelvic or ureteral tumor occurs not only on one side, but also on both sides simultaneously or continuously.OBJECTIVE: To describe a new procedure in managing native renal pelvic or ureteral tumor, in which, retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy was first done followed by transurethral resection of ureteral orifice, and finally the kidney and the complete ureter with a bladder cuff were taken out through a midline abdomen incision, and to validate its feasibility.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A technique modification experiment was performed at the Department of Urinary Surgery, Third Hospital, Peking University between July 2004 and March 2006.PARTICIPANTS: Eight patients (7 males and 1 female) with native renal pelvic or ureteral tumor who received laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection were included into this study. Of them, 4 cases had bilateral lesions. Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection was conducted 12 times totally.METHODS: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy was first done in the lateral decubitus, followed by transurethral resection of the ureteral orifice with resectoscope in the lithotomy position, and finally, an incision was created in the lower midline abdomen to allow dissection of the distal ureter and bladder cuff and intact specimen extraction. Postoperatively, intravesical chemotherapy was routinely performed to prevent tumor recurrence. The patients were followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, and once a year thereafter.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Surgery time, blood loss volume, pathological report, tumor recurrence time, tumor-free survival time, and complications.RESULTS: The mean surgery time was 3.8 hours (range: 2.5-7 hours). The mean hemorrhage volume was 240 mL (range: 50-1 200 mL). Two cases needed blood transfusion, 600 and 1 000 mL, respectively. Transitional cell carcinoma grade Ⅲ was found in 3 cases, grade Ⅱ in 4 cases, and grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ in 4 cases. In addition, there was 1 case presenting with tumor breaking through the serous membrane of the ureter and 1 case suffering from poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The tumor recurred locally in one case 6 months after surgery, and the remaining cases all survived in a tumor-free state.CONCLUSION: After renal transplantation, laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection through a lower midline abdomen incision is feasible for treatment of native renal pelvic or ureteral tumor, with low tumor recurrence rate and satisfactory excision effects.