下咽癌颈淋巴转移相关因素的研究

目的研究下咽癌颈淋巴转移的特点、规律及对预后的影响。方法收集1985-2000年住院治疗下咽癌患者108例，均经手术治疗，且术前未行放疗和化疗。根据1992年国际抗癌联合会（UICC）分期标准进行分期分级。手术后将下咽癌及颈淋巴结标本进行病理观察，确定肿瘤主体所在原发部位及发生转移的颈淋巴结分布区域。按照病理学将肿瘤的病理分化程度确定为高、中、低分化。通过颈淋巴结病理检查和随访观察确定颈淋巴转移情况，用Kaplan-Meier方法对3、5年生存率进行非参数分析。结果病例中T1、T2淋巴结转移率为45．8％，T3、T4淋巴结转移率为79．8％，总的淋巴结转移率为75．0％（81／108），（P〈0．05）。梨状窝癌为100例，占全部病例的92．6％（100／108），梨状窝及下咽后壁癌的颈淋巴转移率分别为74．0％和87．5％（P〉0．05）。病理高、中、低分化型3组，其颈淋巴转移率分别为72．2％、67．6％、85．7％（P〉0．05）。患者3、5年累积生存率分为67．53％及29．87％。Ⅱ、Ⅲ区颈淋巴转移率为76．5％，Ⅴ、Ⅵ区颈淋巴转移率为8．6％。结论下咽癌颈淋巴转移率高。下咽癌颈淋巴转移是影响下咽癌的预后主要因素，随着颈淋巴转移程度的增加，患者3、5年生存率逐渐降低。

Cervical lymph node metastasis of hypopharyngeal carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristic of cervical lymph node metastasis of hypopharyngeal carcinoma and its influence to the prognosis. METHODS: One hundred and eight hypopharyngeal carcinoma patients who accepted treatments in the 1st Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from 1985 to 2000 were reviewed retrospectively. All of them accepted surgical treatment without pre-operative chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Stage was made according to the standard of International Union Against Cancer (UICC) in 1992. Specimens of the patients were carefully examined to confirm the primary site of the tumor and the distribution of cervical lymph node metastasis. Pathological differentiations of the tumor were classified into high, middle and low category. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the 3rd, 5th years survival. RESULTS: The rates of lymph node metastasis of was 45.8% for patients with TI and T2 disease, 79.8% for those with T3 and T4, and 75.0% (81/108)for the whole patients(P < 0.05). Patients with pyriform sinus cancer occupied 92.6% (100/108) of all the cases. Cervical lymph node metastasis rate of pyriform sinus cancer and posterior pharyngeal wall cancer were 74. 0% and 87. 5% respectively (P > 0.05). Cervical lymph node metastasis rate of patients with the high, middle and low differentiation tumor were 72. 2% , 67.6% and 85.7% respectively (P > 0.05). The 3rd and 5th years survival rates of all patients were 67.53% and 29.87% respectively. The occurrence of cervical lymph node metastasis was 76.5% in the level II and III, and 8.6% in the level V and VI. CONCLUSIONS Cervical lymph node metastasis rate of hypopharyngeal carcinoma is high. Cervical lymph node metastasi was one of the most significant prognostic factors of hypopharyngeal carcinoma. With the increase of the cervical node metastasis, the 3rd and 5th years survival of the patients declined gradually.