Chondrotoxic effects of intra-articular injection of local anaesthetics in the rabbit temporomandibular joint |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey;2. Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey;3. Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey;4. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey;1. Department of Stomatology, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, PR China;2. Department of Head Neck and Thyroid, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China;1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan;2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan;3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan;1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China;2. Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China;1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany;2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Kassel, Germany;1. Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China |
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| Abstract: | The aim of this study was to investigate the chondrotoxic effects of a single-dose intra-articular injection of articaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine on the rabbit temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Twenty-four rabbits were divided into four groups: control (group 1), articaine (group 2), lidocaine (group 3), and bupivacaine (group 4). Synovial fluid samples and venous blood were taken to evaluate matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) levels. One millilitre of local anaesthetic solution was injected in the study groups and saline solution in the control group. The rabbits were euthanized after 4 weeks and the mandibular condyles and articular discs were evaluated. On histological examination, the study group samples had irregular joint surfaces, decreased collagen, and a thinner cartilage layer. Apoptotic cells were evaluated with the TUNEL method. TUNEL-positive apoptotic cell counts were higher in all study groups compared to the control group, and the difference was significant (P < 0.001). The mean preoperative serum MMP-3 level for all groups was 5.71 ± 3.33 ng/mL, while the mean postoperative level was 22.61 ± 6.36 ng/mL; this difference was significant (P < 0.001). A single-dose intra-articular injection of local anaesthetic had apoptotic effects on chondrocytes, leading to degenerative changes in the TMJ articular structures. Articaine was found to have less harmful effects than lidocaine and bupivacaine. Intra-articular injection of local anaesthetics should be limited in the TMJ because of the potential toxic effects. |
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| Keywords: | temporomandibular joint TMJ local anesthetic articaine ultracaine lidocaine bupivacaine |
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