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Serum uric acid levels threshold for mortality in diabetic individuals: The URic acid Right for heArt Health (URRAH) project
Affiliation:1. Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, ‘Federico II’ University of Naples, Naples, Italy;2. Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy and Department of Medicine and Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Maugeri Care and Research Institutes, IRCCS Tradate, Varese, Italy;3. Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy;4. Department “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Baronissi, SA, University of Salerno;5. Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy;6. Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L''Aquila, L''Aquila, Italy;7. Studium Patavinum, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy;8. Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy;9. Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy;10. Department of Public Health, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy;11. Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, Bari, Italy;12. Cardiology IV, “A.De Gasperi''s” Department, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy;13. School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy;14. Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy;15. Italian Society of General Medicine, Avezzano, L''Aquila, Italy;p. CNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Cal Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy;q. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy;r. Department of Internal Medicine, Santa Maria Della Misericordia General Hospital, AULSS 5 Polesana, Rovigo, Italy;s. Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy;t. Department of Biomedical Science and Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy;u. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy;v. Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy;w. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy;x. Medicina Interna I, Ca’ Foncello University Hospital, Treviso, Italy;y. Department of Medicine and Centro di Ricerca Clinica e Traslazionale (CERICLET), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy;z. Department of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, Careggi Hospital and University of Florence, Florence, Italy;11. Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy;12. Hypertension Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy;13. Hospital S. Maria Della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy;1. Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy;2. Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy;3. Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy;1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan;2. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan;1. Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China;2. Department of Biostatistics and Medical Record, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China;3. NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China;4. Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China;5. Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK;6. Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy;7. Institute of Hepatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China;8. Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for the Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China;1. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece;2. Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece;3. Department of Paediatrics, Medical University Varna, Varna, Bulgaria;4. National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece;5. Clinical Center of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria;6. Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IISA), CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain;7. Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón) CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain;8. University of Debrecen, Faculty of Health, Debrecen, Hungary;9. Hungarian Society of Nutrition, 1088 Budapest, Hungary;10. Division of Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;11. Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki, Finland;12. Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium;13. Institute of Agri-food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, Agro-Health, Heraklion, Greece;1. Department of Laboratory Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Jilin, China;2. Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Jilin, China;3. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Jilin, China;4. Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Jilin, China;5. Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Jilin, China
Abstract:Background and aimThe URRAH (URic acid Right for heArt Health) Study has identified cut-off values of serum uric acid (SUA) predictive of total mortality at 4.7 mg/dl, and cardiovascular (CV) mortality at 5.6 mg/dl. Our aim was to validate these SUA thresholds in people with diabetes.Methods and resultsThe URRAH subpopulation of people with diabetes was studied. All-cause and CV deaths were evaluated at the end of follow-up.A total of 2570 diabetic subjects were studied. During a median follow-up of 107 months, 744 deaths occurred. In the multivariate Cox regression analyses adjusted for several confounders, subjects with SUA ≥5.6 mg/dl had higher risk of total (HR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.04–1.47) and CV mortality (HR:1.31, 95%CI:1.03–1.66), than those with SUA <5.6 mg/dl. Increased all-cause mortality risk was shown in participants with SUA ≥4.7 mg/dl vs SUA below 4.7 mg/dl, but not statistically significant after adjustment for all confounders.ConclusionsSUA thresholds previously proposed by the URRAH study group are predictive of total and CV mortality also in people with diabetes. The threshold of 5.6 mg/dl can predict both total and CV mortality, and so is candidate to be a clinical cut-off for the definition of hyperuricemia in patients with diabetes.
Keywords:Serum uric acid  Cardiovascular mortality  All-cause mortality  Diabetes mellitus  Hyperuricemia  Diagnostic thresholds  SUA"  },{"  #name"  :"  keyword"  ,"  $"  :{"  id"  :"  pc_1wwIxD1Eiq"  },"  $$"  :[{"  #name"  :"  text"  ,"  _"  :"  Serum uric acid  CVD"  },{"  #name"  :"  keyword"  ,"  $"  :{"  id"  :"  pc_Kff7Grq4D9"  },"  $$"  :[{"  #name"  :"  text"  ,"  _"  :"  Cardiovascular disease  BP"  },{"  #name"  :"  keyword"  ,"  $"  :{"  id"  :"  pc_NCyiLpnvAS"  },"  $$"  :[{"  #name"  :"  text"  ,"  _"  :"  Blood pressure  HR"  },{"  #name"  :"  keyword"  ,"  $"  :{"  id"  :"  pc_2nODyw3Ip6"  },"  $$"  :[{"  #name"  :"  text"  ,"  _"  :"  Hazard ratio  BMI"  },{"  #name"  :"  keyword"  ,"  $"  :{"  id"  :"  pc_7QziuKB2QC"  },"  $$"  :[{"  #name"  :"  text"  ,"  _"  :"  Body Mass Index  WC"  },{"  #name"  :"  keyword"  ,"  $"  :{"  id"  :"  pc_fqNYlDTNFN"  },"  $$"  :[{"  #name"  :"  text"  ,"  _"  :"  Waist Circumference  eGFR"  },{"  #name"  :"  keyword"  ,"  $"  :{"  id"  :"  pc_OOrsO3Zpk0"  },"  $$"  :[{"  #name"  :"  text"  ,"  _"  :"  estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate  HDL"  },{"  #name"  :"  keyword"  ,"  $"  :{"  id"  :"  pc_k9CgAL2VfT"  },"  $$"  :[{"  #name"  :"  text"  ,"  _"  :"  High density lipoprotein  LDL"  },{"  #name"  :"  keyword"  ,"  $"  :{"  id"  :"  pc_6OcZjp33WK"  },"  $$"  :[{"  #name"  :"  text"  ,"  _"  :"  Low density lipoprotein  ICD"  },{"  #name"  :"  keyword"  ,"  $"  :{"  id"  :"  pc_krLfDIaywJ"  },"  $$"  :[{"  #name"  :"  text"  ,"  _"  :"  International Classification of Diseases  MI"  },{"  #name"  :"  keyword"  ,"  $"  :{"  id"  :"  pc_T7HYUQDcF7"  },"  $$"  :[{"  #name"  :"  text"  ,"  _"  :"  Myocardial infarction  MS"  },{"  #name"  :"  keyword"  ,"  $"  :{"  id"  :"  pc_Q7wRwPgsj7"  },"  $$"  :[{"  #name"  :"  text"  ,"  _"  :"  Metabolic syndrome
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