肾移植术后院内泌尿系感染危险因素及护理对策

目的探讨肾移植术后院内泌尿系感染的病原谱及其危险因素、危险期和护理对策。方法定期监测164例肾移植患者术后尿液的病原菌情况，统计多种因素与泌尿系感染的病原菌谱和发生率的关系。结论肾移植术后3～13d是院内泌尿系感染的危险期。病原菌以真菌、肠杆菌科菌为主。急性排斥反应、急性肾衰及其治疗、留置导尿管、广谱抗生素的应用等是影响病原菌谱及发生率的主要因素。护理上应加强护士素质的培养，严格正规操作；减少或缩短医源性操作；做好宣教，合理使用药物。

Hazards and Nursing Countermeasure about Urinary Tract Hospital Infection Postoperative Renal Transplantation

Ojbective　To elucidate the poathogenic bacteria\,hazards and critical days of uninary tract hospital infection after renal transplantation.Methods　To monitor regularly the pathogenic bacteria of urine in 164 cases during their hospitalizations after renal transplantation.The relations beween multifactors and the pathogenic bacteria and the uninary tract infection rate were analysed statistically.Conclusions　3～13 days after renal transplantation were critical days.The fungi and enterobacteriaceae were chief pathogenic bateria.Acute rejection of the ransplant kidney and the immunlogical management,indwelling catheter,broad-spectum antibiotics wer main factors to influence the pathogenic bacteria and the infection rate.Tranining the quality of nurses\,stricting standard operation\,reducing iatrogenic operation\,completing instruction\,available usage of medicine shoud be valued in nursing after renal transplantation.