Enzyme kinetic modelling as a tool to analyse the behaviour of cytochrome P450 catalysed reactions: application to amitriptyline N-demethylation |
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Authors: | JÜRGEN SCHMIDER DAVID J GREENBLATT JEROLD S HARMATZ & RICHARD I SHADER |
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Institution: | Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA |
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Abstract: | 1To determine kinetic parameters (Vmax, Km) for cytochrome P450 (CYP) mediated metabolic pathways, nonlinear least squares regression is commonly used to fit a model equation (e.g., Michaelis Menten MM]) to sets of data points (reaction velocity
vs substrate concentration). This method can also be utilized to determine the parameters for more complex mechanisms involving allosteric or multi-enzyme systems. Akaike''s Information Criterion (AIC), or an estimation of improvement of fit as successive parameters are introduced in the model (
F-test), can be used to determine whether application of more complex models is helpful. To evaluate these approaches, we have examined the complex enzyme kinetics of amitriptyline (AMI)
N-demethylation in vitro by human liver microsomes.
2For a 15-point nortriptyline (NT) formation rate
vs substrate (AMI) concentration curve, a two enzyme model, consisting of one enzyme with MM kinetics (Vmax=1.2?nmol?min?1?mg?1, Km=24?μm) together with a sigmoidal component (described by an equation equivalent to the Hill equation for cooperative substrate binding; Vmax=2.1?nmol?min?1?mg?1, K′=70?μm; Hill exponent
n=2.34), was favoured according to AIC and the
F-test.
3Data generated by incubating AMI under the same conditions but in the presence of 10?μm ketoconazole (KET), a CYP3A3/4 inhibitor, were consistent with a single enzyme model with substrate inhibition (Vmax=0.74?nmol?min?1?mg?1, Km=186?μm, K1=0.0028?μm?1).
4Sulphaphenazole (SPA), a CYP2C9 inhibitor, decreased the rate of NT formation in a concentration dependent manner, whereas a polyclonal rat liver CYP2C11 antibody, inhibitory for S-mephenytoin 4′-hydroxylation in humans, had no important effect on this reaction.
5Incubation of AMI with 50?μm SPA resulted in a curve consistent with a two enzyme model, one with MM kinetics (Vmax=0.72?nmol?min?1?mg?1, Km=54?μm) the other with ‘Hill-kinetics’ (Vmax=2.1?nmol?min?1?mg?1, K′=195?μm;
n=2.38).
6A fourth data-set was generated by incubating AMI with 10?μm KET and 50?μm SPA. The proposed model of best fit describes two activities, one obeying MM-kinetics (Vmax=0.048?nmol?min?1?mg?1, Km=7?μm) and the other obeying MM kinetics but with substrate inhibition (Vmax=0.8?nmol?min?1?mg?1, Km=443?μm, K1=0.0041?μm?1).
7The combination of kinetic modelling tools and biological data has permitted the discrimination of at least three CYP enzymes involved in AMI
N-demethylation. Two are identified as CYP3A3/4 and CYP2C9, although further work in several more livers is required to confirm the participation of the latter. |
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Keywords: | cytochrome P450 amitriptyline enzyme kinetics Michaelis Menten equation |
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