奉贤区低出生体质量儿智力、生长发育的干预研究

目的评价对6岁内低出生体质量儿智力、生长发育的干预效果,为制定科学合理的干预措施提供依据。方法将80例低出生体质量儿作为试验组,另选择同期健康新生儿65例作为对照组。试验组实施定期体检,监测血常规、听力、智力、体格发育、认知行为及幼儿园家园训练等干预措施;对照组仅常规随访。2组儿童均追踪随访至6周岁,对有关资料进行统计学分析。结果试验组体质量、身高发育明显差于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组营养性疾病(肥胖、营养不良)的差异明显缩小,其发病率接近于正常儿童。足月小样儿与早产儿体质量、身高发育比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组智力明显落后于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01和P<0.001)。影响儿童发育的因素为父、母亲文化程度(P<0.01、P<0.05),与经济收入无相关性(P>0.05)。结论早期实施科学合理的干预措施,能有效促进低出生体质量儿的智能与生长发育。

Intervention Study about Intelligence,Growth and Development among Low Birth Weight Children in Fengxian District

Objective To evaluate the intervention effects for children under 6 years who had low birth weight, so that scientific and reasonable intervention measures can be made on this basis. Methods 80 cases of low birth weight children born in 2004 with a birth weight less than 2500g were set as the experiment group. At the same time,65 cases were set as the control group. For the subject group, regular medical checkups were taken, and intervention measures, such as blood routine ex- amination, and monitoring their audition, intelligence, physical development, cognition activities, practices in kindergarten, etc, were also implemented. For the control group, regular follow-ups were taken. For both groups, the follow-up process lasted until they were 6 years old, and relative data and information were analyzed statistically. Results Between the two groups, great differences were observed in body mass and height growth（ P 〈 0.05）. The difference in nutritional diseases （obesity, malnutri- tion） were greatly reduced, and the incidence rates were similar to those of normal children. The body mass and height growth between full-term small-for-date infants and premature infants showed no difference （ P 〉 0.05 ）. The intelligence of experiment gorup was obviously lower than that in the control group （P 〈 0.01 and P 〈0. 001 ）. While, the intelligence development between small-for-date infants and premature infants showed no difference （P 〉 0.05 ）. The factors impact on child development was education level of mother and father （ P 〈0. 01 and P 〈 0.05 ）, but not related to economic income （ P 〉0. 05 ）. Conclu- sion Scientific and reasonable early intervention can effectively promote the intelligence,growth and development of low birth weight children.