茅苍术道地药材的挥发油组成特征分析

目的 :在个体和总体两个水平上研究南苍术挥发油成分所蕴涵的多样性和特征 ,进而揭示茅苍术道地性的化学本质。方法 :分单株采集 7个居群的 47株南苍术根茎 ,用GC-MS分离鉴定挥发油中的 6个主要成分 ,使用SPSS分析软件进行主成分分析和聚类分析。结果 :聚类分析显示茅苍术挥发油主要组分的含量明显不同于非道地南苍术。其他分析表明 ,与非道地南苍术挥发油相比 ,茅苍术总挥发油含量显著低 (P<0.01) ,其归一化百分含量大于 1%的组分数目显著高 (P<0.01) ,苍术酮加苍术素的含量极其显著高 ,而茅术醇加 β-桉叶醇的含量极其显著低 (P<0.001)。主成分分析表明苍术酮在体现茅苍术道地性特征时具有非常特殊的作用。结论 :茅苍术道地性在挥发油中的表现主要是苍术酮、茅术醇、β-桉叶醇及苍术素呈现出的一种特定配比关系 ,即 (0.70～2.00)∶(0.04～0.35 )∶(0.09～0.40)∶1。

The Naphtha Composing Characteristics of Geoherbs of Atractylodes lancea

OBJECTIVE: To find the chemical diversity and characteristics of A. lancea on two levels--individuals and populations, and to discover the chemical essentials for forming geoherbs. METHOD: 47 rhizomes of A. lancea were collected in 7 populations, and 6 naphtha components (1. elemol, 2. hinesol, 3. beta-eudesmol, 4. atractylone, 5. atractylodin, 6. atractylenolid I) in the rhizomes were determined by GC-MS combination. Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis were carried out by SPSS. RESULT: Cluster Analysis of the 6 main components indicated that the chemical components of geoherbs were different from those of the non-geonerbs of A. lancea. Other analysis showed as follows: 1. The general oil of geoberbs were lower than that of non-geoherbs(P < 0.01), but components yielding more than 1% (% of the total oil) were more than non-geoherbs(P < 0.01); 2. Hinesol mixing beta-eudesmol was more in non-geoherbs, which atractylodin mixing atractylone was more in geoherbs(P < 0.001); 3. Principal Component Analysis implied that atractylone was the most important component to discriminate geoherbs and non-geoherbs of A. Lancea. CONCLUSION: The naphtha composing characteristics of geoherbs was the special proportionment sale, viz. atractylone: hinesol: beta-eudesmol: atractylodin being(0.70~2.00):(0.04~0.35):(0.09~0.40):1.