重庆市社区老年人营养不良状况调查分析

目的了解重庆市主城内社区老年人营养不良状况、原因及其影响因素，以便制定改善老年人营养状况的干预措施。方法采用简易营养评价精法（MNA—SF）量表对重庆市渝北区龙塔街道社区年龄大于或等于60岁的356名老年人进行营养状况调查，分析老年人营养不良的影响因素。结果社区老年人营养不良发生率为34．3％。81～90岁老年人营养不良发生率最高为42．1％，60～70岁最低为18．6％，不同年龄老年人营养不良发生率比较，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。糖尿病老年人营养不良发生率为40．7％，高血压老年人营养不良发生率为23．1％。独居老年人的营养不良发生率为38．0％，与家人同住的老年人营养不良发生率为28．1％，二者比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。存在咀嚼困难的老年人营养不良发生率为37．9％，无咀嚼困难的老年人营养不良发生率仅为18．9％，二者比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。有无饮酒、是否坚持每天吃早餐的老年人之间营养不良发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论重庆市主城社区的老年人营养不良发生率较高，社区护理中应重视老年人营养状况评估，并注意改善老年人的营养状况。

Investigation and Analysis on Malnutrition Status of Community Elderly in Chongqing

Objective To have knowledge about the status, causes and influencing factors of malnutrition a- mong community elderly in downtown Chongqing as so to take intervention measures to improve nutritional status of the elderly. Method A survey of nutritional status was conducted on 356 elderly aged 60 years or a- bove in Longta Subdistrict Community of Yubei District, Chongqing using Short-form Mini-nutritional Assess- ment （MNA-SF） Scale, and influencing factors of malnutrition among the elderly were analyzed. Results In- cidence rate of malnutrition in community elderly was 34.3%, which in the elderly aged 81-90 years was the highest with a percentage of 42.1% while the lowest incidence rate was in the elderly aged 60- 70 years with a percentage of 18.6%, and the difference in incidence rate of malnutrition in the elderly of different age was sta- tistically significant （P〈0.01）. Incidence rate of malnutrition in the elderly with diabetes was 40.7% while that in the one with hypertension was 23.1 %0. Incidence rate of malnutrition in the elderly living alone was 38.0% while that in the one living with family members was only 28.1%, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. Incidence rate of malnutrition in the elderly with dysmasesis was 37.9% while that in the one without dysmasesis was only 18.9%, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in incidence rate of malnutrition between the elderly who ever drinks wine or eats breakfast every day and the one who doesn＇t do this （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Incidence rate of malnutrition among the elderly from communities in downtown Chongqing is relatively high. Evaluation of nu- tritional status in the elderly shall be emphasized in community nursing and nutritional status of the elderly shall be improved.