银川市医护人员职业倦怠和工作能力现状及其关系研究

目的了解银川市医务人员的职业倦怠程度及工作能力现状,探讨职业倦怠与工作能力的相关关系。方法采用职业倦怠指数量表(MBI)和工作能力指数量表(WAI),对银川市10所医院的522名医护人员进行问卷调查。结果医生的职业倦怠与护士之间差异有显著性,医生在消极怠慢及成就感方面的得分高于护士(P<0.01和P<0.05),而两者在工作能力方面的得分无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同性质医院的医务人员的工作能力及职业倦怠得分也均有统计学意义,国营医院医生的情绪耗竭程度高于私立医院的医生(P<0.05),而其成就感低于私立医院的医生(P<0.01),其工作能力得分也低于私立医院的医生(P<0.01);国营医院护士的成就感得分低于私立医院护士(P<0.05),其工作能力得分也低于私立医院的护士,而在情绪耗竭及消极怠慢方面得分国营和私立医院护士间均无统计学意义。经Pearson相关分析显示,医护人员的工作能力及其各因子均与职业倦怠及其各因子均呈显著性负相关关系(r=-0.113～-0.494,P<0.01),即随着职业倦怠程度的增加,医务人员的工作能力随之降低。进一步经逐步回归分析显示,情绪耗竭、成就感、睡眠状况、工龄及工作班类型因素进入了工作能力评分的回归方程中,提示这些因素对医务人员工作能力评分影响较大。结论不同医院、不同职业类型的医护人员的职业倦怠程度有所不同,且已影响到其工作能力状态。通过增进医护人员的成就感、调整职业倦怠程度因素及改善睡眠状态可提高其工作能力状态,为保护医护人员身心健康服务。

Study on the status and the relationship between job burnout and work ability in hospital staff in Yinchuan City

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status of job burnout and work ability and to explore their relationship in hospitals employee. METHODS: Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) and work ability index (WAI) were used to measure burnout and work ability of 522 doctors and nurse in 10 hospitals in Yinchuan City. RESULTS: The results indicated that, there were remarkable differences between the doctors and nurses in the scores of MBI. The scores of DE and PA of the doctors were remarkable higher than those of nurses (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). However, in different hospitals, the scores of EE of the doctors in national hospitals were significant higher than those of doctors in private hospitals. But the scores of PA and WAI of the doctors in national hospitals were remarkable lower than those of doctors in private hospitals. In all, the Pearson correlation showed that there are significantly negative correlations between job burnout and work ability (r = - 0.113- - 0.494, P < 0.01). The multianalysis indicated that the variables of influence work ability included the factors of EE, PA, status of sleeping, ages and type of job. CONCLUSION: There are higher job burnout in hospital staff, even so, status of work ability can be improved with enhancing personal resource and achievement, adjusting job burnout and improving the status of sleeping maladjustment.