Assessment of bioavailability and human health exposure risk to heavy metals in surface soils (Klang district,Malaysia) |
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| Authors: | Sarva Mangala Praveena Biswajeet Pradhan Ahmad Zaharin Aris |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;2. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | In urban area surface soil the heavy metal concentrations followed the order: Pb (76.15?mg/kg) >?Fe (12.96?mg/kg)?>?Cu (11.58?mg/kg)?>?Al (10.3?mg/kg)?>?Zn (6.42?mg/kg)?>?Co (0.21?mg/kg) >?Cd (0.18?mg/kg)?>?Cr (0.07?mg/kg). For the industrial area surface soil, heavy metal concentrations followed the sequence: Pb (55.28?mg/kg)?>?Al (15.5?mg/kg)?>?Fe (14.73?mg/kg)>?Cu (14.68?mg/kg) >?Zn (4.48?mg/kg) >?Co (0.26?mg/kg) >?Cr (0.11?mg/kg)?>?Cd (0.11?mg/kg). PCA output showed that the first and second principal components are attributed due to the presence of “urban metals” in the urban areas while third principal component reflects the anthropogenic factor in the industrial areas. Total Cancer Risk values are more than the incremental lifetime (1.0E???05), showing the likelihood of a cancer threat for adults and children. For non-carcinogenic risks, Hazard Index values <1 one indicating no potential risks. |
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| Keywords: | Urban soil industrial soil heavy metal bioavailability health risk assessment |
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