长链非编码RNA在肿瘤发生、发展中的作用研究进展

非编码RNA是指一类不编码蛋白质，但在生物体生命活动中具有功能的RNA分子。非编码RNA在发育和疾病中有众多角色，而其中一个突出的作用是调节基因的表达。非编码RNA按其长度可分为短链非编码RNA和长链非编码RNA（long non coding RNA，lncRNA）。LncRNA是一类长度大于200 nt、广泛存在于哺乳动物细胞中的一类蛋白非编码序列。LncRNA通过剂量补偿效应、表观遗传调控和细胞分化调控等环节在生命活动中发挥重要作用，尤其在一些复杂疾病的发生、发展过程中发挥重要功能。近年来，有关lncRNA在肿瘤发生、发展中的作用研究日益增多，已经成为肿瘤发病机制的研究热点。作者就lncRNA在肿瘤发生、发展中的功能及作用机制进行综述。

The long non coding RNA in the occurrence and development of cancer

Non coding RNA is a class of RNA which can not code protein, but can have multiple functions in life. Non coding RNA acts as diverse roles in development and disease, and its prominent role is to regulate gene expression. Non coding RNA can be divided into short chain non coding RNA and long non coding RNA (lncRNA) according to its length. LncRNA is a kind of RNA which can not code structural protein which widely exists in mammalian cells, and their length are more than 200 nt. LncRNA plays an important role in the process of development through the dosage compensation effect, epigenetic regulation, cell differentiation regulation and other aspects, especially it exerts critial function in some complicated diseases. Recently it is reported that the role of lncRNA is increasing during occurrence and development of cancer, and has become a hot research field in the pathogenesis of cancer. This article reviews the function and mechanism of lncRNA druing the occurrence and development of cancer.