影响野生型Canton S果蝇睡眠时间的相关生理因素

目的分析和评价常规给药应激对大鼠和小鼠部分免疫指标的影响。方法采用Wistar大鼠建立经口灌胃、腹腔注射、肌肉注射应激模型，测定外周WBC和WSCR，以及血清IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ水平，并计算IFN-γ／IL-4比值；采用ICR小鼠建立经口灌胃应激、腹腔注射应激模型，测定外周WBC、WSCR和血清IL-2水平：与空白对照组比较分析各指标的变化。结果所有应激大鼠血清IL-2和外周WBC降低，IFN-γ和IFN-γ／IL-4升高，腹腔注射应激和肌肉注射应激大鼠WSCR升高；所有应激小鼠血清IL-2降低，灌胃应激小鼠WBC和WSCR均降低，腹腔注射应激小鼠WBC升高。结论经口灌胃、腹腔注射、肌肉注射操作所引起的应激均可导致大鼠、小鼠的免疫部分指标发生变化，其主要特点是IL-2和WBC降低、IFN-γ升高以及Th1极化。

Effects of Gender and Age in Days on the Sleep Rhythm of Drosophila melanogasters

Objective To evaluate the effect on immune parameters of rats and mice stressed by oral gavage, intraperitoneal injection and intramuscular injection. Method Wistar rats were used to establish oral gavage stressed model（IGR）, intraperitoneal injection stressed model （IPR） and intramuscular injection stressed model （IMR）, immune function were assessed by measuring parameters including peripheral WBC and WSCR, serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, and the ratio of IFN-γlL-4. The changes of immune parameters in stressed rats were analyzed by comparing with relative control group. ICR mice were used to establish oral gavage stressed model （IGm） and intraperitoneal injection stressed model（IPm）, peripheral WBC, WSCR, and serum levels of IL-2 were measured and compared with relative control group to discover immune changes in stressed mice. Results Compared to the control group, the levels of serum IL-2 and the number of peripheral WBC decreased in the stressed rats while IFN-γ production and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio increased. IPR rats and IMR rats had higher WSCR than the control group. The IL-2 production decreased in the stressed mice. IGm mice had lower peripheral WBC number and WSCR while IPm mice had higher peripheral WBC number when compared to the relative control ones. Conclusion Immune imbalance may be induced in laboratory rat and mouse stressed by oral gavage, intraperitoneal injection and intramuscular injection, mostly a decreased levels of IL-2 and WBC, increased IFN-γ, and Th1 polarization are demonstrated in the stressed animals.