一年生甘草药材产量与甘草酸含量的广义遗传力及其遗传相关性分析

目的:估算甘草药材产量和甘草酸含量的广义遗传力及其与各生长指标和生物量指标的遗传相关关系,为优质甘草培育技术体系建立提供科学依据。方法:采用随机区组法布置多点种源试验,采用HPLC测定甘草酸含量,采用经典遗传学的方法估算广义遗传力和遗传相关系数。结果与结论:甘草酸含量受产地环境和自身遗传双重因素的影响,但产地环境的影响占主导地位;单试验点广义遗传力(h2)估算结果表明,药材产量(W下)和甘草酸含量的广义遗传力分别为0.663 2,0.751 1,受中等偏上遗传控制,具有一定的遗传改良潜力。遗传相关分析结果表明,无论在表型上还是遗传上,株高和地径与药材产量(W下)均呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关,这暗示株高和地茎可作为评估甘草药材产量的地上指标;甘草酸含量与侧根数呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而与株高、地径、芦头直径(D芦头)、总生物量(W总)以及地下部分生物量(W下)等指标在遗传上均呈显著或极显著的负相关。这暗示在甘草遗传改良中,高产和高含量难以兼顾,在制定遗传改良方案时,要根据具体改良目标权衡考虑。

Analysis of broad-sense heritability and genetic correlation of production and content of glycyrrhizin of annual Glycyrrhiza uralensis

Objective: To estimate the broad-sense heritability of the production of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and the content of glycyrrhizin as well as the genetic relationship of various growth indexes and biomass indexes, and provide the scientific basis for establishment of high quality licorice cultivate technology system. Method: The randomized method was used to assign the provenance trial, the content of glycyrrhizin was determined by HPLC, and the method of classic genetics was applied to estimate the broad-sense heritability and genetic correlation coefficient. Result and conclusion: The content of glycyrrhizin is influenced by the growth environment and gene, but the growth environment is the dominant factor. The estimated result of single sites about broad-sense heritability (h²) showed that the production of G. uralensis(W_u)and the content of glycyrrhizin was controlled by gene which the broad-sense heritability was 0.663 2, 0.751 1 respectively, they had some potential on genetic modification. The results of genetic analysis correlation showed that the plant height and the stem diameter was positive(P<0.01)correlated significantly with the production (W_u)either on phenotype or on genetic, it suggests that the plant height and the stem diameter could be the index above ground to assessment the production of the G. uralensis. The content of glycyrrhizin had a positive correlation with the number of lateral root(P<0.05), but it had a negative correlation with the plant height, stem diameter, diameter of root top(D_r), the total biomass(W_t) and the biomass underground(W_u)on inheritance. It is suggested that it was difficult to achieve both high content and high yield simultaneously in the genetic improvement, so we should have a deeply thought about the specific improvement target when making the reformed scheme.