孤独症谱系障碍儿童及模型鼠痛觉敏感特征

  目的  探讨孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder, ASD)儿童及模型鼠痛觉敏感特征，为ASD临床综合干预提供思路。  方法  采用病例-对照研究方法，应用孤独症治疗评估量表(ATEC)中与痛觉敏感性相关的条目，对哈尔滨市142名ASD儿童和142名正常儿童的疼痛敏感特征进行调查。动物学实验选用2种公认的ASD模型鼠(BTBR小鼠、VPA诱导大鼠)为研究对象，BTBR小鼠采用热板致痛法和Von Frey仪测试热痛阈值及机械痛阈值，VPA诱导的模型鼠(简称VPA大鼠)采用热板致痛法测试热痛阈值，分别比较其与对照鼠间差异。  结果  ASD组儿童与对照组儿童疼痛敏感程度差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.81，P < 0.05)，ASD儿童对疼痛的敏感程度明显低于正常对照儿童。检测BTBR鼠与C57BL/6鼠在出生后第42天疼痛敏感程度，对热刺痛时缩足所用时间差异有统计学意义(3.62±0.38，3.02±0.33)s，(t=3.28，P < 0.01)]，BTBR和(57BL/6)组的机械痛阈值出生第42天差异有统计学意义(9.75±3.58，0.55±0.93)s，(t=7.44，P < 0.01)]。检测VPA大鼠和Con大鼠在出生后第9，11，13，15天热刺痛检出情况，结果分别为(11.34±1.38，9.81±1.64)(11.37±1.98，9.36±1.11)(11.53±1.38，9.51±1.01)(12.05±2.91，8.74±1.60)g(t值分别为-2.79，-2.25，3.95，3.95，P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  与正常对照儿童比较，ASD儿童表现出对疼痛不敏感特征; 两种ASD模型鼠动物学实验也证明，ASD模型鼠疼痛感觉异常仍表现为对疼痛不敏感的特征。

Characteristics of pain sensitivity in children and model mice with autism spectrum disorder disorders

  Objective  To explore the characteristics of pain sensitivity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and to provide reference for clinical comprehensive intervention of ASD.  Methods  A case-control study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of pain sensitivity in 142 ASD children and 142 normal children using the items related to pain sensitivity in the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC). In addition, two recognized ASD model mice (BTBR mice and model mice induced by VPA) were selected as experimental group. The thermal pain threshold and mechanical pain threshold of BTBR mice were measured by electroshock seizure threshold and Von Frey filament test, and the differences of pain characteristics between BTBR mice and control mice were compared, the thermal pain threshold of model mice induced by VPA (VPA rats) was measured by electroshock seizure threshold, and the differences between BTBR mice and control mice (Con) were compared.  Results  There was significant difference in pain sensitivity between ASD group and control group (χ2=0.81, P < 0.05), and the sensitivity of ASD children to pain was significantly lower than that of normal control children. The pain sensitivity of BTBR mice and C57BL/6 mice on the 42 nd day after birth was measured. The T-test analysis showed that the time taken for BTBR and C57BL/6 mice to retract their feet on the 42 nd day after birth (3.62±0.38, 3.02±0.33)s (t=3.28, P < 0.01), and the mechanical pain threshold (9.75±3.58, 0.55±0.93)s (t=7.44, P < 0.01). The detection of thermal stinging pain in VPA rats and con rats on the 9 th, 11 th, 13 th and 15 th day after birth was detected. The results of t test were as follows: P9(11.34±1.38, 9.81±1.64)g, P11(11.37±1.98, 9.36±1.11)g, P13(11.53±1.38, 9.51±1.01)g and P15(12.05±2.91, 8.74±1.60)g (t=-2.79, -2.25, 3.95, 3.95, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Compared with normal control children, ASD children show insensitivity to pain which is further supported by two types of animal models for ASD.