辽宁省锦州市2011—2020年布鲁菌病流行病学特征

目的 了解锦州市2011—2020年布鲁菌病（布病）分布特征,为制定布病防治措施提供参考依据。方法 利用中国疾病预防控制信息系统“传染病监测”中2011—2020年锦州市布病个案数据,分析布病流行特征、病例就诊等情况。通过2011—2020年布病暴发流行病学调查报告,分析其暴发因素及特征。结果 2011—2020年锦州市累计报告布病病例4 306例,年均报告发病率为12.50/10 万,发病率逐年增加（χ²_趋势=448.969,P<0.001）。4 306例布病中,以饲养放牧人员（占82.65%）和养畜户周围人群为主（占8.55%）;4—8月份为发病高峰,占62.73%;发病乡镇覆盖率为100%（105/105）,累计报告病例数超过50例的乡镇27个,报告病例占全部病例数的58.71%;其中累计报告病例数超过100例的乡镇11个,占全部病例数的31.54%。发病至诊断时间间隔M（P₂₅, P₇₅）为10 （3,24）d;2011—2020年发病至就诊时间间隔7 d以内病例总体呈逐年增加趋势（χ²_趋势=40.296,P<0.001）。市级以上医疗机构报告的布病病例占全部报告病例的81.93%。2011—2020年锦州市共报告23起布病暴发疫情,均因接触染疫的羊、牛而感染。其中3起疫情的牛羊检出布鲁菌,均为羊3型,其余16起疫情的牛羊均已售卖,未做检测。结论 2011—2020年锦州市布病发病率呈逐年增加趋势,布病疫情地区分布呈总体散发,局部高发态势。建议在布病高发地区开展积极有效的干预措施,遏制布病传播蔓延。

An analysis of epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in Jinzhou Liaoning, 2011-2020

Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of brucellosis from 2011 to 2020 in Jinzhou, and to provide reference for the establishment of prevention and control measures of brucellosis. Methods The epidemic characteristics and cases of brucellosis in Jinzhou from 2011 to 2020 were analyzed by using the data of brucellosis cases in China's disease prevention and control information system. The epidemiological investigation report of brucellosis outbreak in 2011-2020 was used to analyze the outbreak factors and characteristics. Results A total of 4 306 brucellosis cases have been reported in Jinzhou from 2011 to 2020. The average annual reported incidence rate of Jinzhou City from 2011 to 2020 was 12.50/100 000. The incidence was increasing year by year (χ²_trend= 448.969, P<0.001). Among the 4 306 cases of brucellosis, the main ones are the breeding and grazing personnel (82.65%) and the people around the livestock households (neighbors) (8.55%); the peak incidence was from April to August, accounting for 62.73%. The coverage rate of the affected villages and towns was 100%(105/105), and the cumulative number of reported cases exceeded 50 in 27 townships,accounted for 58.71% of all reported cases. Among them, 11 villages and towns have reported more than 100 cases, accounting for 31.54% of all cases. The median interval between onset and diagnosis was 10(3, 24); the total number of cases within 7 days of the interval between the onset of the disease and the visit was increasing year by year (χ²_trend=40.296, P<0.001). Medical institutions at or above the municipal level reported 81.93% of all reported cases of brucellosis. A total of 23 outbreaks of brucellosis were reported in Jinzhou, suspected exposure to infected sheep and cattle. Brucella was detected in 3 cases of cattle and sheep, all of which were sheep type 3. The remaining 16 cases of cattle and sheep have been sold and have not been tested. Conclusion In 2011-2020, the incidence of brucellosis in Jinzhou increased year by year, and the distribution of brucellosis epidemic area showed a general distribution, local high incidence trend. It is suggested that active and effective intervention should be carried out in the areas with high incidence of brucellosis to curb the spread of brucellosis.