网格化健康教育模式提升大学生健康素养的实证研究

  目的  探索高校网格化的健康教育模式在提升大学生健康素养中的应用效果，为促进学生健康生活方式与习惯养成提供参考。  方法  采用分层随机整群抽样方法，抽取西安市西安交通大学2019级新生1 123名；干预组(578名)采用网格化健康教育模式，对照组(545名)保持常规健康教育模式。1个学期后，比较两组大学生健康素养情况。  结果  西安交通大学新生健康素养具备率偏低(干预组:17.12%，对照组:17.61%)；其中慢性病防治素养(干预组:15.92%，对照组:16.70%)较低。1个学期后，干预组和对照组大学生总健康素养具备率均有显著提高(干预组:47.75%；对照组:27.71%；χ2值分别为20.50，5.47，P均 < 0.05)。除安全与急救素养外，相对常规健康教育模式，网格化健康教育模式对大学生总健康素养、3个维度及六大健康素养的提高均有统计学意义(P均 < 0.05)。  结论  西安交通大学新生健康素养具备率较低；网格化健康教育模式可显著提升高校大学生健康素养具备率，优于常规健康教育模式，符合新时期高校健康教育的要求。

Empirical study on health literacy improvement through grid model of health education in college students

  Objective  To explore the application of grid health education model in improving college students' health literacy.  Methods  The clustered stratified random sampling method was used among the pre-formative education freshmen in a Xi'an university, with 1 123 students randomly selected totally. The intervention group (578) received health literacy education based on grid health education model, while the control group (545) receuved the original health education model. The effect of gird model of health education on health literacy was compared between two groups of college students after one-semester intervention.  Results  Insufficient health literacy was found among freshmen participants in Xi'an(17.12%, 17.61%); health literacy on prevention and treatment of chronic diseases (15.92%, 16.70%) was significantly lower than the national average level of urban residents(22.73%). Health literacy of the two groups of college students was significantly improved(47.75%, 27.71%, χ2=20.50, 5.47, P < 0.05). The grid health education model had significant effects in improving health literacy among college students, except for health literacy on safety and emergency(P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Health literacy of college students is insufficient compared to that of urban residents in China. Grid model of health education model is superior to conventional health education model, which is in line with the requirements of health education in colleges in the new era.