孕期参加孕妇学校改善父母D型人格对学龄前儿童行为问题的影响

目的 以学龄前儿童为研究对象,探讨父母D型人格（type D personality,TDP）与学龄前儿童行为问题的关系,以及母亲孕期参加孕妇学校对2者之间关系的影响,为开展学龄前儿童行为问题研究提供参考依据。方法 对深圳市龙华区2017年9月份新入幼儿园小班儿童进行横断面调查,采用一般情况问卷、Conners儿童行为问卷（父母用）、D型人格量表（DS14）收集儿童一般情况、儿童行为问题和父母TDP特征情况等资料。使用Logistic回归分析父母TDP与儿童行为问题的关系,并评价母亲孕期参加孕妇学校在2者关系中的中介作用。结果 本研究共发放17 245份问卷,纳入15 022份有效问卷,其中男童8 062名,女童6 960名,平均年龄为（3.54±0.35）岁。不同性别、父母亲学历、家庭月收入、父母婚姻状况对学龄前儿童行为问题的影响差异有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。二元Logistic回归分析显示,父母TDP与学龄前儿童的行为问题呈独立正相关,母亲孕期参加孕妇学校可改善父母TDP对学龄前儿童行为问题中的学习问题、冲动-多动与多动指数的影响。结论 母亲孕期参加孕妇学校教育可以改善父母TDP对学龄前儿童行为问题中的学习问题、冲动-多动和多动指数等3个维度的影响。

Effect of participating in gravida school during pregnancy to improve parental type D personality on behavior problems of preschool children

Objective Taking preschool children as the research object to explore the association between parental type D personality （TDP） and preschool children's behavior problems, as well as the mediating role of maternal participation in gravida school during pregnancy on it, to provide an angle of view for the research on preschool children's behavior problems. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the children newly enrolled in small classes of kindergartens in Longhua District, Shenzhen in September 2017. The general situation questionnaire, Conners children's behavior questionnaire （for parents） and TDP Scale （DS14） were used to collect the data of children's general situation, children's behavior problems and parental TDP characteristics. Logistic regression was employed to analyze the association between parental TDP and children's behavior problems, and to evaluate the mediating role of maternal participation in gravida school during pregnancy on it. Results A total of 17 245 questionnaires were distributed and 15 022 valid questionnaires were included, including 8 062 boys and 6 960 girls, with an average age of （3.54 ± 0.35） years. There were significant differences in the influence of gender, parental educational background, family monthly income and parental marital status on preschool children's behavior problems （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that, parental TDP was positively correlated with preschool children's behavior problems, and maternal participation in gravida school during pregnancy could improve the influence of parental TDP on preschool children's behavior problems such as learning problems, impulsive-hyperactivity and hyperactivity index. Conclusion Maternal participation in gravida school education during pregnancy can improve the influence of parental TDP on preschool children's behavior problems such as learning problems, impulsive hyperactivity and hyperactivity index.