留守中学生抑郁焦虑症状与留守特征的相关性

  目的  探究现留守中学生抑郁症状、焦虑症状发生与留守特征(父母外出情况)的关联，为制定留守中学生抑郁与焦虑症状干预政策提供理论依据。  方法  采用分层随机整群抽样法，于2019年4—6月对江西上饶市鄱阳、广丰等6个县2 160名儿童进行调查，最终筛选出13~18岁留守中学生776名。运用广泛性焦虑障碍量表(GAD-7)和患者健康问卷(PHQ-9)对抑郁、焦虑症状进行评价，同时采用问卷调查掌握留守中学生家庭特征及其行为生活方式。  结果  在性别方面，无论抑郁症状还是焦虑症状，女生检出率均高于男生；在年龄方面，高中学段(16~18岁)留守儿童抑郁症状(43.2%)和焦虑症状(39.9%)的检出率均高于初中学段(13~15岁)(27.3%，33.0%)。在抑郁症状检出率方面，留守儿童不同性别、学段组间差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为10.48，21.08，P值均 < 0.05)；在焦虑症状检出率方面，不同性别、母亲职业类型、父亲学历组间差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为8.66，5.30，8.35，P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  亲子分离时期会影响留守儿童抑郁症状的发生。关注中学生心理健康问题对预防控制留守儿童抑郁、焦虑症状有重要意义。

Correlation between left-behind expericences with depressive and anxiety symptoms of left-behind middle school stutents

  Objective  To explore the relationship between left-behind experiences due to work migration of parents with depressive and anxiety symptoms among left-behind middle school stutents, to provide a theoretical basis for the government to formulate intervention policies for mental health of left behind children.  Methods  The stratified random cluster sampling method was used to investigate 2 160 children in Poyang and Guangfeng Counties of Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province from April to June, 2019. Finally, 776 left-behind children aged 13 to 18 were selected. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate the depression and anxiety symptoms. Family characteristics and lifestyle behaviors of left-behind children were investigated by questionnaire.  Results  In terms of gender, the detection rates of both depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were higher in girls than in boys. In terms of age, the detection rates of depressive symptoms (43.2%) and anxiety symptoms (39.9%) in left-behind children in high school (16-18 years old) were higher than those in middle school (13-15 years old)(27.3% and 33.0%). The detection rate of depressive among left-behind children significantly differet in sexual, gender (χ2=10.48, 21.08); the detection rate of anxiety symptoms among left-behind children significantly different in sexual, maternal occupation, and paternal educational background (χ2=8.66, 5.30, 8.35) (P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Parent-child separation is associated with depressive symptoms in left-behind middle school stutents. Mental health of children in middle school stutents is of great significance to the prevention of depression and anxiety symptoms in left-behind children.