广州市黄埔区≥40岁常住居民脑卒中高危人群筛查分析

目的 对广州市黄埔区≥40岁常住居民进行筛查,了解脑卒中危险因素暴露情况,识别脑卒中高危人群,为脑卒中的防治提供科学依据。方法 2019年6—12月采取方便抽样方法抽取广州市黄埔区5个街道,对符合要求的调查对象进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查。利用心血管病综合危险度简易评估工具,计算识别出的脑卒中高危人群缺血性心脑血管病事件10年发病绝对危险。结果 共有效调查802人,其中男性371人,女性431人。年龄为40~92岁,平均（55.20±11.10）岁;多为已婚,占比90.15%,受教育程度分布均衡,职业占比最高的是企事业单位工作人员（48.88%）。筛查出脑卒中高危人群195例（检出率24.31%）,男性检出率（34.50%）高于女性（15.55%）（P<0.01）。高危人群缺血性心脑血管病事件10年发病绝对危险为4.76%。195例脑卒中高危人群中,暴露率最高的前5项危险因素是高血压（76.92%）、血脂异常（64.10%）、缺乏运动（61.54%）、吸烟（43.08%）、糖尿病（33.33%）。结论 广州市黄埔区≥40岁常住居民脑卒中高危人群检出率较高,应普及筛查工作,并通过健康管理和健康教育等综合干预措施,降低脑卒中发生率。

Screening of high risk population of stroke among permanent residents aged≥40 years in Huangpu District,Guangzhou

Objective To screen the permanent residents aged ≥40 years in Huangpu District, Guangzhou to understand the exposure of stroke risk factors, identify the high-risk population, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of stroke. Methods Convenient sampling method was used to select five communities in Huangpu District, Guangzhou from June to December in 2019. Questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory tests were carried out on the respondents.Using a simple comprehensive risk assessment tool for cardiovascular diseases, the 10-year absolute risk of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease （ICVD） in the identified high-risk population of stroke was calculated. Results A total of 802 people were effectively investigated, including 371 males and 431 females, aged 40 - 92 years, with an average age of （55.20±11.10） years. Most of them were married, accounting for 90.15%. The education level was evenly distributed, and the employees in enterprises and public institutions accounted for the highest proportion （48.88%）. A total of 195 people with high risk of stroke were screened （the detection rate was 24.31%）, and the detection rate of male （34.50%） was higher than that of female （15.55%） （P<0.01）.The 10-year absolute risk of ICVD in the high-risk population of stroke was4.76%.Among the high-risk population of stroke, the top five risk factors of exposure were hypertension（76.92%）, hyperlipidemia（64.10%）, less exercise（61.54%）, smoking（43.08%）, and diabetes（33.33%）. Conclusion In Huangpu District, Guangzhou, the detection rate of high-risk population of stroke in permanent residents aged ≥40 years is high. Therefore, screening should be popularized, and comprehensive intervention measures such as health management and education should be adopted to reduce the incidence of stroke.