2019—2020年西安市高氟地区学龄儿童氟斑牙和龋齿现状及其影响因素

目的 了解2019—2020年西安市临潼区高氟地区学龄儿童氟斑牙和龋齿流行现状,分析其影响因素,为地区防治工作提供依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样法,2019—2020年在西安市临潼区高氟地区分别选取3所小学,每个年级各选取1个班的学生进行口腔检查,描述分析氟斑牙、龋齿情况,采用单、多因素方法分析学龄儿童氟斑牙与龋齿检出的影响因素。结果 共有1 006名小学生,男性604名（占60.04%）,女性402名（占39.96%）;年龄6~12岁,平均年龄（9.60±1.18）岁。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,尿氟≥2.39 mg/L（OR=16.651）是学龄儿童氟斑牙检出的危险因素,母亲学历为高中及以上（OR=0.224）、家庭年收入≥10万元（OR=0.058、0.083）的学龄儿童氟斑牙检出风险较低;经常吃甜食（OR=4.022）是学龄儿童龋齿检出的危险因素,尿氟≥1.28 mg/L（OR=0.460、0.348）、睡前刷牙（OR=0.075）、定期口腔检查（OR=0.169）、父母关注牙齿健康（OR=0.269）的学龄儿童龋齿检出风险较低。结论 西安市临潼区高氟地区学龄儿童氟斑牙和龋齿检出率均偏高,高尿氟是学龄儿童氟斑牙的危险因素,经常吃甜食是学龄儿童龋齿的危险因素,建议防范上述危险因素以减少氟斑牙和龋齿发生。

Status and influencing factors of dental fluorosis and dental caries among school-age children in high fluoride area of Xi’an, 2019-2020

Objective To understand the prevalence of dental fluorosis and dental caries among school-age children in high fluoride areas of Lintong District, Xi’an City from 2019 to 2020, and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide basis for regional prevention and control. Methods Using the stratified cluster sampling method, three primary schools were selected in the high fluoride area of Lintong District, Xi’an City in 2019 and 2020. Students in one class of each grade were selected for oral examination to make statistics on dental fluorosis and dental caries. The influencing factors of dental fluorosis and dental caries among school-age children were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis methods. Results There were 1 006 primary school students, including 604 males （60.04%） and 402 females （39.96%）, aged 6-12 years, with an average age of （9.60±1.18） years old. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that urine fluoride ≥2.39 mg/L （OR=16.651） was a risk factor for dental fluorosis in school-age children, while the school-age children whose mother had a high school education or above （OR=0.224） and whose annual family income was ≥ 100 000 yuan （OR=0.058, 0.083） had a lower risk of dental fluorosis. Eating sweets frequently （OR=4.022） was a risk factor for dental caries in school-age children, while the school-age children with urinary fluoride ≥ 1.28 mg/L （OR=0.460, 0.348）, brushing before bed （OR=0.075）, regular oral examination （OR=0.169） and parents’ concern for dental health （OR=0.269） had a lower risk of dental caries. Conclusion The detection rates of dental fluorosis and dental caries among school-age children in high fluoride areas of Lintong District, Xi’an City are relatively high. High urine fluoride is a risk factor for dental fluorosis, and eating sweets frequently is a risk factor for dental caries in school-age children. It is recommended to prevent the above risk factors to reduce the occurrence of dental fluorosis and dental caries.