常用锻炼方式对老年女性静态平衡能力的影响

目的探讨长期从事太极拳、广场舞和健步走锻炼老年女性的静态平衡能力差异。方法选取128名健康老年女性为受试者,根据日常的主要健身项目分为太极拳组、广场舞组、健步走组和对照组;采用平衡测试仪分别测试闭眼双足站立和睁眼右足站立状态下的4个平衡指标值(摆动速度、摆动角度、外周面积和摆动总轨迹长),测试时间为10 s。结果在闭眼双足站立和睁眼右足站立两种状态下,太极拳组、广场舞组和健步走组各平衡指标值分别与对照组间的差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);太极拳组与广场舞组相比,两组受试者在两种状态下的摆动速度、摆动总轨迹长以及睁眼右足站立下的外周面积具有统计学差异(P0.05);在两种状态下,太极拳组4个平衡指标值均显著低于健步走组(P0.05);广场舞组与健步走组比较,两组受试者在两种状态下的外周面积、摆动总轨迹长以及睁眼右足站立下的摆动速度具有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论长期从事太极拳、广场舞和健步走锻炼的老年女性的静态平衡能力要优于无锻炼者,且长期从事太极拳锻炼的老年女性的静态平衡能力要优于广场舞和健步走锻炼者,长期从事广场舞锻炼的老年女性的静态平衡能力要优于健步走锻炼者。

Influence of Common Exercise Methods on Static Balance Ability in Elderly Women

Objective To explore the differences in the static balance ability of elderly women performing Tai Chi, square dance, and fitness walking as long-term exercises. Methods A total of 128 healthy elderly women were selected as the subjects. The subjects were classified into the Tai Chi, square dance, fitness walking, and control groups based on their daily main fitness items. The average swing speed (avg.v) of the subjects, swing angle, outer area (area), and total length of the swing (TL) were measured by a balance tester during double-feet standing with eyes closed and right-foot standing with eyes opened, and the test time was 10 s. Results There were significant differences in the values of each balance index of the Tai Chi, square dance, fitness walking, and control groups during double-feet standing with eyes closed and right-foot standing with eyes opened(P<0.05). There were significant differences in the avg.v, TL, and area index values of the Tai Chi and square dance groups (P<0.05) in case of right-foot standing with eyes opened. In both the states,the four balance indices of the Tai Chi group were significantly smaller than those of the fitness walking group (P<0.05).There were significant differences in the area, TL, and avg.v index values of the square dance and fitness walking groups (P<0.05) for the right-foot standing with eyes opened. Conclusions The static balance abilities of elderly women performing Tai Chi, square dance, and fitness walking over a long term were better than those in the absence of regular exercises. The elderly women associated with long-term Tai Chi exercises exhibited a better static balance ability than those performing square dance and fitness walking exercises, and elderly women associated with long-term square dance exercises showed a better static balance ability than those with fitness walking exercises.