江苏某农村地区高血压现状调查及影响因素分析

目的 了解农村居民高血压患病率、知晓率和控制率,分析患病率影响因素,为高血压防制提供科学依据。方法 采用整群抽样对江苏某县级市的8966名18岁以上农村居民开展流行病学调查,其中男性4149人,女性4817人.结果 参与调查的居民高血压患病率、知晓率、控制率分别为36.10％、55.22％和20.38％,已知患病人群的血压控制率为36.90％.初次诊断医院以村卫生室和镇医院为主（79.35％）,81.30％的患者主要选择在村卫生室测量血压.调整年龄和性别等潜在混杂因子后,高血压患病影响因素主要包括目前饮酒（OR =1.43,95％ CI：1.21～1.69）、体力劳动强度偏大（中等强度劳动,OR=1.17,95％CI：1.02～1.34;重体力劳动,OR=1.28,95％ CI：1.04～1.58）;罹患糖尿病（OR=1.95,95％ CI：1.56 ～2.43）;肥胖（OR =2.14,95％ CI：1.85～2.49）或超重（OR=4.12,95％ CI：2.97 ～5.72）;腰围偏大（OR =2.00,95％ CI：1.72～2.32）.文化程度高者患病风险降低（P ＜0.001）.结论 农村居民高血压患病率高,而知晓率和控制率偏低,迫切需要采取有针对性的预防、管理和控制措施。

Prevalence Survey of Hypertension as well as the Related Factors among Rural Adults of Jiangsu Province

Objective To investigate the prevalence,awareness and controlling rate of hypertension in rural residents of China,and to analyze the potential risk factors of hypertension,with aims to provide scientific evidences for blood pressure control program.Methods A total of 8966 residents aged over 18 years （4149 males and 4817 females） from one county-level city of Jiangsu province was interviewed based on a cluster sampling method.Results The prevalence,awareness and controlling rate of hypertension was 36.10％,55.22％ and 20.38％,respectively.For patients who were aware of their conditions,the blood pressure controlling rate was 36.90％.Patient＇s hypertension was mainly diagnosed in village clinics or township hospitals,accounting for 79.35％ of all cases.More than 81％patients measured their blood pressures in village clinics.After adjusting for age and sex,potential risk factors of hypertension included alcohol consumption （OR=1.43,95％ CI：1.21-1.69）,strong manual labor （moderate,OR=1.17,95％ CI：1.02-1.34; heavy,OR=1.28,95％ CI：1.04-1.58）; diabetes（OR =1.95,95％ CI：1.56-2.43）; overweight （OR=2.14,95％ CI：1.85-2.49） or obesity （OR =4.12,95％ CI：2.97-5.72） ; and larger waist circumference （OR =2.00,95％ CI：1.72-2.32）.With the increase of educational level,the risk decreased significantly （P ＜ 0.001）.Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension was high in rural areas,while the awareness and controlling rate of blood pressure was low.It is urgent to implement effective strategies for the prevention,management and control of hypertension in rural areas.