HIV感染者/AIDS病人的营养状况和需求评估

[目的]了解HIV感染者/AIDS病人的营养状况和营养需求,为进一步干预研究收集基线资料.[方法]于2005年底～2006年初对阜阳市某村选定的研究对象进行基线调查,采用问卷法对病人的家庭经济状况、人口数、基本健康状况等进行调查,并用自行设计的问卷对研究对象营养知识、态度和行为进行了调查;采用询问和记录法,以户为单位,进行连续3 d的入户膳食回顾问卷调查;按常规方法分别测量身高、体重.[结果]HIV感染者/AIDS病人饮食基本有规律,素食为主、品种单一,动物性食物摄入较少.宏量营养素基本满足,微量营养素摄入不足,营养缺乏病相关症状检出率较高,牙龈出血44.1%、夜盲49.1%,皮肤炎症27.3%.营养知识得分不高,满分10分,最高分8分,最低0分,6分以下的调查对象占68.6%.[结论]研究对象宏量营养素营养状况无明显不足,微量营养素缺乏较常见,营养知识水平低下.

THE ASSESSMENT ABOUT NUTRITION STATUS AND NEEDS OF PATIENTS WITH HIV/AIDS

Objective To investigate the nutritional status and needs among HIV /AIDS patients, so as to collect the baseline data for further intervention study.Methods Baseline survey was conducted in Fuyang from the later 2005 to early 2006, patients with HIV / AIDS were investigated the family economic status, number of family members and basic sociological information, and their nutrition knowledge, attitude and diet behaviors were investigated with the self-designed questionnaires.The 3 days dietary assessment per family, body height and weight were investigated and measured.Results The main food of HIV / AIDS patients was vegetable but the variety was single, and diet habits were regularity.They had met the basic nutrients needs, but the intake of micronutrient is deficient.And the rate of related symptoms of deficiency diseases is high.Bleeding gums counted for 44.2%, blindness for 36.4%, as well as the skin inflammation for 27.3%.The scores of nutrition knowledge were not high.The total score was 10, the highest was 8, and the lowest was 0.People with the nutrition knowledge scores below 6 accounted for 68.8%.Conclusion Macronutrient status of patients with HIV / AIDS dose not show obvious deficiencies, micronutrient deficiency are common, and the level of nutrition knowledge is low.