Sarcopenic Obesity and Risk of Disability in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan;2. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan;3. R&D Health and Wellness Products Research, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan;1. New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY, USA;2. Aging Brain Center, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;3. Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;4. Boston College, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA;5. Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;1. International Center for Epilepsy, St. Bernard Parish Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA;2. Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA;3. Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA;4. Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA;5. Neurelis, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA;6. John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesPrevious studies have indicated that sarcopenic obesity is a risk factor for disability onset. However, these studies had disparities in terms of criteria for sarcopenia, study design, or study population. No longitudinal study has investigated the effect of sarcopenic obesity on disability onset in an Asian population using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria for sarcopenia definition. Herein, we aimed to investigate the longitudinal effect of sarcopenic obesity on disability onset in Japanese older adults and extend the generalizability of results to other populations.DesignLongitudinal cohort study.Setting and ParticipantsA total of 4197 Japanese older adults (mean age 74.6 ± 5.0 years, 54.2% women) formed our study population.MeasurementsSarcopenia was identified using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 algorithm. Obesity was determined when body fat percentage was ≥25%, or when visceral fat content was ≥100 cm2 for either sex. Disability onset was defined as a new case of long-term care insurance system certification for 5 years from baseline. Missing values were managed with multi-imputation. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used with disability onset as dependent variable and group (nonsarcopenia/nonobesity as a reference, nonsarcopenia/obesity, sarcopenia/non-obesity, possible sarcopenia/obesity, possible sarcopenia/non-obesity, sarcopenic obesity) as explanatory variable, and was adjusted for potential confounding factors.ResultsWhen the nonsarcopenia/nonobesity group was used as the reference category, other groups such as possible-sarcopenia/nonobesity [hazard ratio (HR) 1.38, 95% confidential interval (95% CI) 1.29‒1.47, P < .028], possible-sarcopenia/obesity (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.46‒1.62 P < .001), sarcopenia/nonobesity (HR 2.09, 95% CI 1.96‒2.23, P < .001), and sarcopenic obesity (HR 2.48, 95% CI 2.24‒2.75, P < .001) showed significantly increased HRs.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe risk of disability onset because of sarcopenic obesity was exceedingly higher compared with sarcopenia alone among community-dwelling older adults in Japan The health providers should consider assessing the co-existence of sarcopenia and obesity to screen for the risk of disability onset in the community-dwelling population. |
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| Keywords: | Sarcopenic obesity Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 longitudinal study disability Japan |
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