Intravenous leiomyomatosis with cardiac extension

Intravenous leiomyomatosis with cardiac extension is an extremely rare uterine tumor. We report here a case of a patient with a uterine leiomyoma which extended into the right atrium through the left ovarian vein, progressing into the left renal vein along the inferior vena cava. Complete one-stage removal of the tumor was performed using cardiopulmonary bypass, and the patient has shown a favorable outcome. Successful therapy for intravenous leiomyomatosis is dependent on total surgical excision of the tumor, cessation of ovarian function and avoidance of postoperative estrogen replacement therapy.