术前经皮置管引流治疗腰椎结核合并腰大肌脓肿的可行性研究

目的:通过比较两种不同方法治疗腰椎结核伴腰大肌脓肿,探讨术前经皮置管引流的临床疗效。方法:将2015年1月至2017年1月收治的符合纳入标准的腰椎结核伴腰大肌脓肿36患者纳入研究,按照不同的治疗方法将患者分为A、B两组,均给予标准抗结核治疗。A组入院后立即行腰大肌脓肿术前经皮置管引流,B组腰大肌脓肿无特殊处理,两组患者经3周抗结核治疗后复查红细胞沉降率(ESR)和C-反应蛋白(CRP),B组2例患者因复查ESR和CRP无降低需暂缓手术而排除,最终两组共34例患者纳入研究。A组18例,其中男10例,女8例;年龄24～73(42.5±10.2)岁;B组16例,其中男9例,女7例;年龄23～75(42.3±9.8)岁。两组患者均行后路椎弓根螺钉内固定,前路椎体病灶清除、植骨融合术。对比分析前路手术出血量、手术时间、前路切口长度,术后肛门排气时间、VAS评分、Cobb角、ESR、CRP变化及窦道形成情况。结果:34例患者均获随访,时间6～21个月,平均13个月。至末次随访,均未见混合感染、结核复发及椎弓根螺钉松动、退钉发生。A组平均手术时间、前路手术出血量和前路切口长度少于B组(P0.05)。A组肛门排气时间低于B组(P0.05)。ESR、CRP改善程度在抗结核3周、术后1周A组优于B组(P0.05),术后1、6个月两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组窦道形成1例,B组窦道形成5例,两组患者窦道形成率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1个月两组患者的VAS疼痛评分及Cobb角均有所改善(P0.05),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后脊髓神经损伤均有改善,组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论:术前经皮置管引流是治疗腰椎结核伴腰大肌脓肿安全可行的方法,能增加术前抗结核效果,减少手术创伤,降低术后并发症的发生,可在临床中推荐应用。

Feasibility study of preoperative percutaneous catheter drainage in the treatment of lumbar tuberculosis with psoas abscess

Objective: To investigate the effect of preoperative percutaneous drainage in lumbar tuberculosis with psoas abscess, through compare the clinical efficacy of two different methods.Methods: Thirty-six patients with lumbar tuberculosis complicated with psoas abscess in corresponding with the inclusion criteria were admitted in Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2015 to January 2017. The patients were divided into group A and group B according to the different therapeutic methods. All patients were given the standard anti tuberculosis treatment, and percutaneous catheter drainage was used in group A after admission immediately for psoas abscess before operation, while group B with no special treatment. At 3 weeks after anti tuberculosis treatment, 2 patients were excluded in group B, which had to postpone operation because of no reduction in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C reactive protein (CRP). Finally 34 patients were enrolled in this study. There were 18 cases in group A, including 10 males and 8 females, aged from 24 to 73 years old with an average of (42.5±10.2) years. There were 16 cases in group B, including 9 males and 7 females, aged from 23 to 75 years old with an average of (42.3±9.8) years. All patients were treated with posterior pedicle screw fixation, anterior debridement and bone graft fusion. Anterior surgery bleeding volume, operation time, anterior incision length, postoperative anus exhaust time, VAS score, Cobb angle, ESR, CRP changes and postoperative sinus formation were compared between two groups.Results: All patients were followed up for 6 to 21 months with an average of 13 months. At the last follow-up, no mixed infection, tuberculosis recurrence, pedicle screw loosening and nail withdrawal were found. The average operative time, anterior surgery bleeding volume and anterior incision length of group A were less than that of group B (P<0.05). Postoperative anal exhaust time of group A was lower than that of group B (P<0.05). Improvement degree of ESR, CRP at 3 weeks after anti tuberculosis and 1 week after operation, group A was better than group B (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between two groups in 1 month and 6 months after operation (P>0.05). There was 1 case sinus formation in group A and 5 cases in group B, there was significant difference in sinus formation rate between two groups (P<0.05). VAS score and Cobb angle at 1 month after operation was obvious improved (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). Spinal cord nerve injury was obvious improved after operation, but there was no significant difference between two groups.Conclusion: Preoperative percutaneous catheter drainage is a safe and feasible method for the treatment of lumbar tuberculosis with psoas abscess. It can increase the effect of anti tuberculosis before operation, reduce the surgical trauma and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications. It can be recommended in clinical application.