不同产地黄芩茎叶无机元素的ICP-MS分析与评价

目的建立黄芩茎叶中无机元素的电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析方法,并对其中无机元素进行分析与评价。方法采用微波消解样品,ICP-MS测定8个产地35批黄芩茎叶中的23种无机元素的含量,并用SPSS19.0对不同产地样品进行主成分分析(PCA)及相关性分析。结果不同产地黄芩茎叶中无机元素种类组成无差异,但含量差异较大,其中Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Cr、Co、Ni、Sr、B和Ni 10种为人体必需微量元素,Al与Fe含量最高,其次为B、Ti、Mn、Sr和Ba;重金属及有害元素的总量除样品S10超出标准,其余均低于标准;单元素Cd的含量除样品S2、S10和S22～S30超出标准,其余均低于限定标准。以23种元素含量为变量,进行PCA,绘制PCA得分图,结果表明35批黄芩茎叶样品被分成8组,相同产地的样品能够较好地聚集在一起,提示不同产地黄芩茎叶样品无机元素含量的差异可能与产地生态环境诸多生态因子密切相关。选择前4个因子(F1～F4)对黄芩茎叶进行综合评价,其综合评价函数为F=0.444 2 F1+0.166 6 F2+0.129 1 F3+0.056 4 F4,结果显示山西和陕西的样品得分排在前列,表明从无机元素角度考虑,以上2个产地药材品质较好。结论本研究建立了准确高效分析评价不同产地黄芩茎叶中无机元素的方法,并为黄芩茎叶标准建立、质量控制、安全评价以及资源综合开发利用提供科学依据。

Simultaneous determination of inorganic elements in stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis from different regions by ICP-MS

Objective An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method was established for the determination of inorganic elements in stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis. The inorganic elements in the extracts were analyzed and evaluated. Methods ICP-MS was applied to determine 23 kinds of inorganic elements in samples digested by microwave in stems and leaves of S. baicalensis from eight regions, and the results were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis. Results There were no differences in the types of inorganic elements in stems and leaves of S. baicalensis from different regions, but the content of them varied greatly. Among them, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Sr, B, and Ni were essential elements of the human body. The content of Al and Fe was the highest, and the content of B, Ti, Mn, Sr, and Ba was higher than others. The total content of heavy metals and harmful elements of samples were up to the mustard, except S10. The contents of Cd in S2, S10 and S22-S30 exceeded standards. Thirty-five batches stems and leaves of S. baicalensis were divided into eight groups, which were analyzed by thePCA with the contents of 23 elements as variates. These regions which have different geographies and climates might lead to the differences in the contents of inorganic elements in the samples. Four factors (F₁-F₄) were selected to make a comprehensive evaluation. The evaluation function was F=0.444 2 F₁ + 0.166 6 F₂ + 0.129 1 F₃ + 0.056 4 F₄. The results showed that the scores of samples from Shanxi and Shaanxi were higher, which indicated that the qualities of above samples were better than those of other samples. Conclusion In this study, an accurate and efficient method for the analysis and determination of inorganic elements in stems and leaves of S. baicalensis from different regions was established, which provided a scientific reference for the quality control, safety evaluation, and comprehensive utilization of S. baicalensis resource.