表观遗传学调控与妇科肿瘤发生、演进及治疗的研究进展

在卵巢肿瘤、子宫内膜癌以及宫颈癌中，已有许多研究证明了遗传学和表观遗传学修饰对肿瘤发生、发展的影响。以往研究证实癌基因、抑癌基因以及细胞信号传导通路异常导致肿瘤形成。与基因突变不同的是，表观遗传学并不是通过改变基因组序列，而是通过甲基化修饰、组蛋白修饰、ｍｉＲＮＡ调节等方式对基因组进行调控。甲基化异常、组蛋白修饰错误或ｍｉＲＮＡ调控紊乱与肿瘤细胞增殖、自噬、凋亡、细胞间粘附、浸润和转移密切相关。表观遗传学修饰作为肿瘤发生发展的关键因素，将其作为靶点应用于诊断治疗及评估预后将是重要的研究方向。

Progression of epigenetic changes in human ovarian cancer,endometrial cancer and cervical cancer

Multiple genetic and epigenetic changes have been studied in ovarian cancer,endometrial cancer and cervical cancer,however,such changes are selected for during tumorigenesis and tumor aggression is not yet clear.The epigenetic changes of oncogenes,tumor suppressor genes and abnormal signaling pathways cause tumorigenesis.Aberrations epigenetic regulation in cell proliferation,apoptosis,autophagy and changes in cell adhesion and motility all contribute to disease development and metastasis.In contrast to genetic mutations,epigenetic events lead to changes in gene expression other than by means of DNA sequence alteration including DNA methylation,histone modifications and microRNA dysregulation.From what is presently known,epigenetics are more and more important in the development and progression of ovarian cancer,endometrial cancer and cervical cancer.