Effects of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa extract on virulence factors of Candida albicans and human neutrophil function |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand;2. Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand;1. Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany;2. Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland;3. Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute of RWTH Aachen University & Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany;4. Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany;1. Department of Prosthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital & School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China;2. Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China;3. Department of Periodontology, The First Affiliated Hospital & School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China;1. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, United States;2. College of Pharmacy, United States;3. Department of Microbiology, College of Medical Sciences, United States;4. Department of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences and College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL-33328, United States;1. Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil;2. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Zip code: 90035-003, Brazil;3. Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveCandida albicans has become a major problem of oral candidiasis due to increase in antibiotic resistance. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, a medicinal plant possessing several phytochemical constituents, has been considered as a potential source of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory agents. The aim of this study was to investigate anti-virulence and immunostimulatory activity of R. tomentosa ethanolic leaf extract against C. albicans.MethodsThe effects of the extract on C. albicans were assessed on germ tube production, adherence of the organisms to surfaces, and biofilm. In addition, the effects of the extract on phagocytosis and killing activity of neutrophils against the pathogen were investigated.ResultsSuppression of germ tube production following 30 min exposure to the extract at 256 μg/mL was significantly increased in comparison with that of the unexposed cells (p < 0.05). The pathogens demonstrated a significant reduction in adherence ability to surfaces in a dose dependent manner, compared with the control (p < 0.05). At 48 h, the extract at 512–1024 μg/mL significantly reduced biofilm forming ability of the organisms up to 42.31–64.58% (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, a significant inhibition of mature biofilm after treated with the extract at 256 μg/mL was observed (p < 0.05). The extract at 50 μg/mL significantly enhanced phagocytosis and killing activity of neutrophils against the organism, compared with the control (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that R. tomentosa extract displayed a dual mode of action, inhibiting virulence factors of C. albicans and enhancing neutrophil functions. Further pharmaceutical development of the extract might be useful as an alternative therapeutic agent against oral candidiasis. |
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| Keywords: | Virulence factors Neutrophils Immunostimulatory activity |
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