2018年广州市禽类市场全社区禽流感病毒监测分析

目的分析2018年广州市禽类市场外环境中禽流感病毒的污染状况和变化趋势,为人禽流感防控提供依据。方法分别在广州市每一个社区卫生服务中心选择1家禽类市场,每月进行外环境样本采集,并检测A型和H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感病毒核酸。采用x2检验比较不同类型市场、不同时间、不同类型标本的阳性率差异。结果共采集18425份标本,A型、H5、H7和H9亚型阳性率分别为23.74%、2.85%、0.20%和15.92%。活禽经营非限制区各型别阳性率均高于限制区,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各月均有检出A型、H5亚型和H9亚型。不同类型标本中,非限制区和限制区A型检出率最高的分别为脱毛机内壁和砧板与刀具。结论禽类市场外环境持续存在禽流感病毒污染,以H9和H5亚型为主,且非限制区高于限制区,活禽限售能有效降低市场病毒污染,应持续扩大活禽经营限制区。

Community-wide surveillance of avian influenza virus in poultry markets of Guangzhou in 2018

Objective To study the contamination characters and variation in tendency of avian influenza virus (AIV) in environmental samples from poultry markets in Guangzhou in 2018, so as to provide evidences for the prevention and control of avian influenza. Methods The environmental samples from poultry markets in each community were collected every month. Nucleic acids of AIV subtypes H5, H7 and H9 were detected. The chi-square test was used to compare the positive rates in samples from different types of poultry markets, collected at different time and in samples of different types. Results A total of 18 425 samples were collected. The positive rates of AIV type A and subtypes H5, H7 and H9 were 23.74%, 2.85%, 0.20% and 15.92%, respectively. The positive rates of various types of AIV in non-restricted regions for live poultry trade were higher than those in restricted regions. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). AIV type A and subtypes H5 and H9 were detected every month in 2018. Samples with the highest positive rates of AIV in non-restricted and restricted regions were samples of defeathering machine and samples of chopping board and knives, respectively. Conclusions The poultry markets were continuously contaminated by AIV, mainly subtypes H9 and H5. The positive rates of AIV in non-restricted regions were higher those that of restricted regions, suggesting that limitation of live poultry trades could effectively reduce the level of viral contamination in the markets. The restricted regions should be expanded.