注射用与药用聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇单油酸酯(吐温-80)类过敏反应比较研究

目的:比较注射用与药用聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇单油酸酯(吐温-80)的类过敏反应特点,以探讨不同级别吐温-80的安全性。方法:小鼠耳廓血管通透性分析:将ICR小鼠随机分组,包括生理盐水组、阳性药Compound 48/80 25 mg.kg-1组、0.2%,1%,5%的药用吐温-80和相同浓度的注射用吐温-80组,分别一次性尾静脉注射含0.4%伊文思蓝的各种受试物(20mL.kg-1),观察给药后30 min后动物的行为学变化及耳廓蓝染情况。记录给药后各组动物耳廓血管通透性增高反应的阳性率,按照耳廓蓝染程度评分,并定量测定耳廓伊文思蓝渗出量。大鼠皮肤血管渗透性试验:将6只Wistar大鼠分别一次性尾静脉注射0.6%伊文思蓝0.4 mL,10 min后沿脊柱两侧皮内注射50μL 5%葡萄糖,Compound 48/80 10 g.L-1,0.2%,0.4%,1%,5%的药用吐温-80和注射用吐温-80,20 min后记录注射点的皮内蓝染面积,测定注射点的伊文思蓝渗出量。结果:5%的药用吐温-80和注射用吐温-80可造成ICR小鼠耳廓血管通透性明显增高,而且药用吐温-80血管通透性增高程度明显强于注射用吐温-80;其他浓度吐温-80未造成明显小鼠耳廓蓝染。不同浓度的吐温-80溶液在注射部位造成一定程度的蓝斑,而且相同浓度的注射用吐温-80蓝斑直径较药用吐温-80的蓝斑直径小,除阳性药外,各组伊文思蓝渗出量无明显差距。结论:吐温-80有明显的增强血管通透性的作用,提示其有致类过敏作用,并且其致类过敏作用有一定的剂量效应关系,另外注射用吐温-80比药用吐温-80安全性高,但应严格控制用量以降低类过敏反应的发生。

Comparative study on pseudoanaphylactoid reactions induced by medicinal tween 80 and injectable tween 80

Objective: To investigate the safety of different level of tween 80 by comparing the degree of pseudoanaphylactoid reactions (PR) induced by medicinal tween 80 and injectable tween 80. Method: The analysis of vascular permeability of the mice ears: ICR mouse were divided into different test groups, the mice were intravenously injected with solutions of medicinal tween 80 and injectable tween 80 with 0.2%,1% and 5% concentration, positive control Compound 48/80 and 5% glucose injection. All test substances were mixed with 0.4% Evans blue. The reaction and vascular permeability of the ears were observed and measured 30min after injection. The analysis of vascular permeability of the rat's skin: the rats were intravenous injected with 0.6% Evans blue normal saline solution first, 10 minutes later, the same substances were intradermal administrated into the back of rats. The rats were sacrificed and the diameter of locus ceruleus and the content of Evans blue leak out were measured 20 min after injection. Result: Medicinal tween 80 and injectable tween 80 with 5% concentration caused obvious vascular hyper permeability in ICR mice, but the degree of vascular hyperpermeability caused by injectable tween 80 was lighter than by medicinal tween 80. Other tween 80 didn't cause obvious vascular hyper permeability in the ears of mouse. The solution of different concentration of tween 80 caused obvious locus ceruleus reaction in rat's back. As for the content Evans blue leak out, there was no statistical significance between each group except positive control Compound 48/80 group. Conclusion: Tween 80 can cause obvious vascular hyper permeability and the effect is dose dependent, which indicated that tween 80 can cause PR. On the other hand, injectable tween 80 is more security than medicinal tween 80, the dosage of tween 80 should be still controlled strictly so that to decrease the incidence of PR.