民族院校4782名大学新生心理健康现状及影响因素分析

目的:了解民族院校大学新生的心理健康状况及其特征,分析影响大学新生心理健康的主要因素.方法:采用心理卫生自评量表(SCL-90)对4782名少数民族大学新生进行了调查.结果:民族院校大学新生少数民族组和汉族组的SCL-90强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖因子分明显高于中国青年常模(P＜0.05),敌对性、偏执、精神病性因子分低于普通大学生常模,恐怖因子分高于普通大学生常模.男学生敌对因子的得分高于女学生(P＜0.05),女学生恐怖因子的得分高于男学生(P＜0.05).农村组大学生躯体化、人际关系、焦虑因子的得分显著高于城市大学生(P＜0.05),城市大学生偏执因子的得分高于农村大学生(P＜0.05).人际敏感、强迫、抑郁、恐怖阳性症状检出率较高.父母婚姻、家庭经济、同学关系、学习压力、情感问题等是影响民族大学新生心理健康的重要因素.结论:民族院校大学新生心理健康状况值得关注,应采取综合性的干预.

Psychological health status and its influence factors in 4782 freshmen in minority nationality college

AIM: To discuss the status and characteristics of freshmen's mental health in minority nationality college, and analyse the main factors affecting the mental health of college students. METHODS: 4782 freshmen in minority nationality college were assessed with Symptom Checklist-90. RESULTS: Factor scores of Compulsion, Interpersonal sensitivity, Anxiety, Depression and Phobia in the minority nationality and Han nationality groups were significantly higher than those of Chinese youth norms(P<0.05). Compared to common undergraduate norms, factor scores of Hostility, Paranoid ideation and Psychoticism were obviously lower(P<0.05), and factor score of Phobia was higher(P<0.05). Factor score of Hostility in male freshmen was higher than those in female freshmen, but the factor score of Phobia was lower(P<0.05). Such factor scores as Somatization, Interpersonal sensitivity and Anxiety in rural freshmen were higher than those in urban freshmen(P<0.05), but the factor score of Paranoid ideation was lower(P<0.05). The symptoms of Interpersonal sensitivity, Compulsion, Depression and Phobia were frequently detected. Parent marriage, family income, classmate relationships, study pressure and affectional problem became the important factors that influenced their psychological health. CONCLUSION: The mental health problems of freshmen in minority nationality college should be regarded and the comprehensive measures should be implemented to improve their psychological health status.