2004年云南省肾综合征出血热监测研究

目的进一步掌握肾综合征出血热（HFRS）在云南省的流行特点，为防治提供依据。方法收集全省HFRS疫情资料，并在固定监测点及面上常规调查中采集人血清、鼠血清和鼠肺做汉坦病毒（HV）抗体和抗原检查。结果2004年全省共报告HFRS 55例，死亡2例，年发病率0．13／10万，病死率为3．64％。主要发病地区为大理州、昆明市、红河州和楚雄州。在固定监测点泸西、寻甸和永胜县捕获鼠类10种803只，采集鼠血清314份，人血清313份，其中居民区以黄胸鼠和褐家鼠为优势鼠种，野外以高山姬鼠为优势鼠种；鼠带病毒率为3．89％（26／668），带病毒鼠有褐家鼠、黄胸鼠、小家鼠、高山姬鼠、臭鼩鼱和短尾鼩；对鼠及人血清抗体检测，阳性率分别为3．50％和2．24％。在滇西地区10个县（市）采集到16种896份鼠肺标本，带病毒率为3.01％（27／896），带病毒鼠有褐家鼠、黄胸鼠、小家鼠、大足鼠、短尾鼩、高山姬鼠和臭鼩鼱。结论进一步证实云南省存在以褐家鼠和黄胸鼠为主要宿主的家鼠型HFRS疫源地，也存在以高山姬鼠和大绒鼠为主的姬鼠型疫源地。近几年发病率的上升与较高的鼠密度和鼠间感染有关。

Surveillance of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Yunnan Province, China, in 2004

Objective To understand epidemiological characteristic of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) and to offer a guidance of HFRS control and prevention in Yunnan province. Methods Collecting the data of cases of HFRS in Yunnan province and collecting human sera and the lung tissue and sera of rodents in the surveillance counties and detecting the antibody and antigen of hantavirus. Results The 55 cases and 2 deaths had been reported in Yunnan province in 2004. The incident rate was 0.13/100 000 and the case fatality rate was 3.64%. The main attacked areas were in Dali prefecture, Kunming city, Honghe prefecture, and Chuxiong prefecture. The 10 species of 803 rodents had been captured and the 314 rodent sera and 313 human sera had been collected in Luxi, Xundian and Yongsheng counties which were the surveillance areas. The rodents of Rattus norvegicus and Rattus flavipectus were the dominant species in human living areas and the rodents of Apodemus agrarius was the dominant species in these fields. The hantavirus carrying rate was 3.89% ( 26/668) in rodents and the virus carrying rodents were Rattus norvegicus, Rattus flavipectus,Mus musculus, Apodemus agrarius, Suncus murinus and Blarinella guadraticauda. The positive rate of the antibody in human and rodent was 3.50% and 2.24% respectively. The 16 species of 896 rodents had been captured in 10 counties (or city) of the western Yunnan province and the rodents of Eothenomys miletus was the dominant species. The hattanvirus carrying rate was 3.01% ( 27/896) in rodents and the rodents of virus carrying were R.norvegicus, R.flavipectus, M.musculus, R.nitidus, A.agrarius, S.murinus and B.guadraticauda. Conclusion There are the Rattus foci with the hosts of the main rodents of R.norvegicus and R.flavipectus and there are the Apodemus foci with the host of the main rodents of A.agrarius and E.miletus in the surveillance areas too. The incident had been increasing as the density of rodents and the rate of infected virus in the rodents was going up.