燃煤固氟技术示范推广效果观察

目的在燃煤型氟中毒病区,示范推广以钙基固氟剂为型煤添加剂的燃煤固氟技术,评价其固氟和降低室内空气污染物的效果。方法燃用钙基固氟剂制成型煤,测定型煤中各组分和煤渣中的氟含量以及室内空气中氟化物、二氧化硫和可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的浓度。结果在燃煤氟中毒严重的贵州省龙里县选择100户作为实验组示范推广燃煤固氟技术。燃用钙基固氟烟煤制成的煤球,示范推广的平均固氟率为77.26%。室内空气中氟化物平均浓度降低53.3%～73.8%,二氧化硫平均浓度降低62.8%～91.1%,PM10平均浓度降低9.5%～41.4%。示范推广加入钙基固氟剂的型煤成本约增加10%。结论该钙基固氟型煤制备工艺简单、易燃,适用于盛产烟煤的地区。

Exploration of demonstration and promotion experiment of fluorine fixation technology during coal burning

Objective To demonstrate and promote the fluorine-fixing technology of the coal burning on a calcium-based compound as the additive for briquettes made in the coal-burning fluorosis area,in order to evaluate the effects of fluorine-fixing and indoor air pollutants condition.Methods The briquettes added calcium-based fluorine sorbent were used for heating and cooking.In the meantime,the figures on various components in briquettes and fluorine content in coal slag as well as concentrations of indoor air fluorides,sulfur dioxide and PM10 were calculated.Results On the basis of the coal burning fluorine-fixing pilot experiment,100 households in Longli County,Guizhou Province were selected as the experimental group for coal burning fluorine-fixing demonstration and promotion.When the burning calcium-based fluorine-fixing bitumites were made into coalballs,the average fluorine-fixing ratios in demonstration and promotion were 77.26%.The average reduction ratios of indoor air pollutants,fluorides were 53.3%-73.8%,sulfur dioxide were 62.8%-91.1% and PM10 were 9.5%-41.4%.There were 10% increases in the cost of briquettes due to the addition of calcium-based fluorine sorbent in demonstration and promotion.Conclusion The preparation process of calcium-based fluorine-fixing briquettes was simple and highly flammable and it was applicable to regions abundant in bitumite.