老年住院患者口腔健康知识、态度、行为现状及其影响因素研究

目的：了解老年住院患者口腔健康知识、态度及行为现状，并分析其影响因素，为做好老年住院患者口腔保健提供依据，同时为老年住院患者建立合适的口腔健康教育模式奠定基础。方法：采用便利抽样法取天津市5家三级医院，再用系统抽样法抽取164例老年住院患者作为研究对象，采用横断面调查，运用自行设计的患者一般情况调查表、患者口腔健康知识、态度及行为调查表对患者进行调查，采用单因素分析和多元线性回归分析对患者口腔健康知识、态度及行为的影响因素进行分析。 结果：老年住院患者口腔健康知识、态度得分 (5.74±0.40)分，健康行为得分 (5.71±0.39)分，患者口腔健康知识、态度、行为总分(11.30±1.25)分；多元线性回归分析结果显示，住院老年患者口腔健康知识、态度及行为受到患者自身特点（年龄、文化程度、经济收入）和外界环境（口腔健康宣教、宣传途径等）的影响，可以解释患者口腔健康知识、态度及行为45.7%的变异。结论：老年住院患者口腔健康信念差、口腔健康知识缺乏、口腔健康行为不良，护理人员应该加大口腔健康知识的宣传力度，为老年患者提供专业的口腔知识宣教，特别关注年龄大、收入低，文化程度低的老年患者。

Study on current situation and influence factors for knowledge,attitude; behavior of oral health in elderly patients

Objective: To understand the current situation of knowledge, attitude; behavior for oral health and its influence factors in elderly patients in order to provide a reliable basis for health education. Methods: 164 old hospital patients from 5 hospitals were surveyed by general questionnaire and oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior questionnaire. The single factors analysis method and multiple linear regression analysis method were used to analyze the influence factors. Results: The score of knowledge and attitude for oral health in elderly hospitalized patients was 5.74 ± 0.40； the score of health behavior was 5.71 ± 0.39, the total score was 11.30±1.25. The research results showed influence factors for knowledge, attitude and behavior of oral health in hospitalized elderly patients included patient characteristics (age, education, income) and the external environment factor (health education, publicity, and so on). Conclusion: Because of the poor belief, knowledge, behavior for oral health, nurses should increase advocacy efforts, providing professional dental education for elderly patients, particularly focusing on older, lower income, elderly patients with low level of educational attainment.