卵丘细胞在未成熟卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻保存中的作用

卵母细胞冷冻技术是生殖医学的一大热点,未成熟卵母细胞冻存是保存女性生育力的重要方法,具有广阔的临床应用前景。卵丘细胞与卵母细胞共处同一微环境,二者通过缝隙连接进行复杂的双相调控和物质交换,目前已知卵丘细胞在人类未成熟卵母细胞体外成熟过程中具有重要作用,但在冷冻过程中的作用尚无定论。随着玻璃化冷冻技术的发展,卵丘细胞对未成熟卵母细胞冷冻的影响有了较多的研究,卵丘细胞可减缓冷冻剂渗透速率,从而避免细胞渗透压的突变对未成熟卵母细胞的损伤,提高细胞冻融后存活率和受精率并支持未成熟卵母细胞的体外成熟。就卵丘细胞在人类未成熟卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻保存中的作用进行综述,为癌症化疗、延迟生育年龄等需进行的未成熟卵母细胞冷冻提供重要的理论基础及可靠的实验依据。

The Effects of Cumulus Cells on Vitrification Cryopreservation of Human Immature Oocyte

The vitrification cryopreservation of oocytes is a hot topic of the assisted reproductive technology.The cryopreservation of immature oocytes is an effective method to save fertility with great application prospect.Cumulus cells are in direct contact with the oocyte through gap junctions.There are intense bidirectional communication and substance exchange between two kinds of cells.Currently,the important effects of cumulus cells in in vitro maturation of oocytes has been elaborated.However,there is no consensus about the action of cumulus cells in cryopreservation of human immature oocytes.With the development of vitrification technology,there was more and more researches on the salutary effects of cumulus cells on oocyte cryopreservation.Cumulus cells can slow down the penetration rate of cryoprotectant agents,so as to avoid the cell damage in oocytes of osmotic pressure,which improve the cell survival rate after freezing and fertilization rate.This review mainly summarizes the effects of cumulus cells on vitrification cryopreservation of human immature oocyte in order to provide reliable theoretical and experimental evidences for those patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy or delayed childbearing who quest fertility preservation with their immature oocytes.