社会性卵子冷冻保存的伦理思考

近年来,健康女性为保存生育力以防未来不孕而进行社会性卵子冷冻(social egg freezing)的趋势不断增加。这一技术为暂时还不想成为母亲的女性保存了生育力,使她们有机会在年纪较大时依然有可能有自己的遗传学后代。然而,一般倾向进行社会性卵子冷冻的妇女年龄都超过35岁,卵子的数量、质量和最终获得成功妊娠和健康活产的概率都已明显下降,妊娠相关的并发症增加。对于社会性卵子冷冻业界和社会大众意见不一。反对者认为社会性卵子冷冻有失公正性、存在过度医疗、成本效益低、不符合孩子意愿和利益等问题;支持者认为女性有生育自由、这项技术可避免单亲妈妈的产生、保存生育力且冻卵优于供卵。这项技术的推广涉及到合格的父母亲角色、女性自主权、医疗风险、成本效益等问题,仍存在伦理争议。

Ethical Aspects of Socially-oriented Egg Freezing

More and more healthy women ask for the egg preservation in recent years,in order to preserve their fertility for future demands for child(ren).This technique preserves fertility for women who do not want to be mothers just now,giving them the opportunity to have their own genetic babies when they are older.However,women tend to cryopreserve oocytes at the age over 35 years.In this age,their oocyte quantity and quality have been decreased,and the success rate of healthy live birth diminished,while pregnancy-related complications significantly increased.For the socially-oriented egg freezing,the professional field and the public have different opinions.Opponents consider that the social egg freezing is unjust,excessive health care and low cost-effective,and that it is against children's will.Advocates believe that women have childbearing freedom,and that the social egg freezing can avoid the single mothers while save their fertility.They also believe that the benefit of oocyte freezing is better than oocyte donation.There are some ethical controversies of the social egg freezing in its social practice,including the role of qualified parents,the autonomous right of women,medical risk,cost-effectiveness and other issues.