北京市海淀区8～16岁儿童少年食用十类垃圾食品现况调查及影响因素分析

目的 了解北京市海淀区儿童少年食用WHO评选的十类垃圾食品的现状并探讨其影响因素.方法 采用问卷调查法对北京市海淀区1019名8～16岁儿童少年进行调查.结果 调查前一个月内,97.50%的儿童少年食用过至少一类垃圾食品,15.88%食用过全部十类垃圾食品;分别食用过油炸类食品、腌制类食品、加工类肉食品、饼干类食品、汽水可乐类饮料、方便类食品、罐头类食品、蜜饯类食品、冷冻甜品类食品、烧烤类食品的比例依次为70.43%、60.14%、79.72%、64.24%、69.63%、78.72%、42.16%、51.95%、68.13%、60.14%,食用频率≥1次/d的比例分别为26.95%、36.88%、34.84%、32.97%、27.40%、28.18%、37.91%、26.15%、37.39%、22.10%,不喜欢及很不喜欢食用的比例分别只有10.96%、27.42%、7.08%、12.11%、6.56%、6.59%、17.80%、13.59%、3.42%、5.19%.儿童少年每天主要在正餐时间食用十类垃圾食品,且以早餐为主;食用的主要地点在家;主要购买者为母亲,其次为自己.大多数儿童少年对十类垃圾食品营养的认识不全面,对其营养价值及对人体的作用存在错误认识.儿童少年获得食品信息和营养知识的途径主要为电视(67.95%)、母亲(9.02%)、报纸或杂志(6.71%).儿章少年食用十类垃圾食品行为受个人因素(生理、心理因素等)、社会因素、家庭因素以及食物本身等多方面因素的综合影响.结论 目前海淀区儿童少年食用十类垃圾食品的行为普遍存在,应高度重视垃圾食品的安全性和营养问题,积极进行有效的个体化综合干预,预防和控制儿童少年食用垃圾食品的危险因素.

Study on factors related to top 10 junk food consumption at 8 to 16 years of age,in Haidian District of Beijing

Objective To study the current situation of ten types of junk food consumption (assessed by World Health Organization) among children and adolescent as well as the contributing factors in Haidian District, Beijing so as to provide evidence for developing preventive and control measures and interventions. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the consumption of ten types of junk food practices in 1019 children and adolescent aged 8-16 years in Beijing Haidian District. Results One month prior to the study, 97.50% of the children and adolescent had eaten at least one type of junk food and 15.88 % of them had eaten all types of them. Rates on having eaten deep fried food, pickled food,processed meat products, biscuits, coke or alike drinks, convenience/fast food, canned food, dried or preserved fruit, cold and sweet food, barbecue food etc. appeared to be 70.43%, 60.14%, 79.72%,64.24 % ,69.63 %, 78.72 %, 42.16 %, 51.95 %, 68.13 %, 60.14 % respectively. The rate on eaten more than once a day of these ten types were 26.95%, 36.88%, 34.84%, 32.97%, 27.40%, 28.18%,37.91% ,26.15 % ,37.39%, 22.10% respectively. The rates for "do not like" and "dislike" these ten types junk food were 10.96% ,27.42% ,7.08% ,12.11% ,6.56% ,6.59%, 17.80%, 13.59% ,3.42%,5.19% respectively. Most of the children and adolescent ate junk food mainly during breakfast at home.Most of the surveyed children and adolescent did not have correct idea on nutrition of junk food. They received the information of junk food mainly from sources as advertisement on TV (67.95%), mother (9.02%), newspaper or magazines ( 6.71% ). Many factors, such as individual factors ( including physiological and psychological situations), social factors, family factors and the characteristics of food contributed to the eating junk food practiees of children and adolescent. Conclusion Eating junk food is a popular event among children and adolescent in Beijing Haidian District. Education strategies on nutrition should be developed and launched in order to help children develop their own healthy eating behaviors.