合同制护士工作压力和应对方式的调查分析

目的了解合同制护士工作压力来源、压力程度和应对方式。方法对107名合同制护士选用护士压力源量表、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、特质应对量表进行问卷调查并进行统计学分析。结果合同护士的总体压力水平为中度,压力主要来源于“护理专业及工作”、“病人护理方面”和“工作量与时间分配”方面;工作年限≥5年的合同护士压力高于<5年的合同护士,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。合同护士的焦虑程度高于普通人群,有显著性差异(P<0.001);9.4%的合同护士存在不同程度的焦虑症状。合同护士多采用积极应对方式,少采用消极应对方式,工作年限≥5年的合同护士比<5年的合同护士更易采取积极应对方式,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。合同护士工作总压力与焦虑程度呈正相关(P<0.05),“病人护理方面”和“管理及人际关系”方面与消极应对方式呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论针对合同护士这一特殊群体,护理管理者应注意充分运用激励机制,建议关注合同护士的工作压力和心理健康状况,有针对性地采取心理知识及专业知识的培训,提高其积极应对的技巧。

Analysis of job stress and coping styles of contract nurses

Objective To evaluate the source of job stress,the level of stress and the coping styles of contract nurses.Methods 107 contract nurses were investigated by Nurse Stress Inventory,Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ) and were analyzed statistically.Results The job stress of contract nurses was in the middle level. The main job stress of contract nurses came from professional and career issues,patient care and workload and time distribution. The stress level of contract nurses taking their places more than five years was higher than that of contract nurses whose work experience was less than five years. The anxiety degree of contract nurses was significantly higher than the normal peoples,showing a significant difference (P<0.001). 9.4% contract nurses had particular anxious symptoms. Active coping styles were adopted by most of contract nurses,and contract nurses of more than five years were easier to use the active coping styles than the contract nurses of less than five years,which showing a significant difference (P<0.05). The job stress had a positive relationship with the level of anxiety (P<0.05). Patient care and interaction,interpersonal relationships and management issues had positive relationships with the passive coping styles (P<0.05). Conclusions The findings suggest the manager of nurses should sufficiently use the encouragement mechanisms and pay more attention to the job stress and mental health of the contract nurses,intensify the education of contract nurses,including psychological knowledge and professional knowledge,and enhance the active coping capability.